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Newark Liberty International Airport (IATA: EWR, ICAO: KEWR, FAA LID: EWR),
first named Newark Airport and later Newark International Airport, is an
international airport within the city limits of both Newark and Elizabeth, New
Jersey, United States. It is about 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Midtown
Manhattan (New York City).
The airport is operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which
also manages the three other major airports in the New York/New Jersey
metropolitan area, John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), LaGuardia
Airport (LGA) and Stewart International Airport (SWF), in addition to two
smaller airports, Teterboro Airport and the Downtown Manhattan Heliport. Newark
is the tenth busiest airport in the United States and the nation's fifth busiest
international air gateway; JFK ranks first.
Newark Liberty is the second-largest hub for Continental Airlines, which is the
airport's largest tenant (operating all of Terminal C and part of Terminal A).
Primarily due to this large hub operation, Continental Airlines is by far the
leading carrier in the New York market. FedEx Express operates one of its major
cargo hubs at Newark.
In 2007, Newark Airport handled slightly more than 37.3 million passengers,
compared to JFK's 48.9 million and LaGuardia's 25.3 million. In total over 111
million passengers used New York airports in 2007, making New York the busiest
airport system in the United States in terms of passenger numbers.
History
Newark Airport was the first major airport in the New York area: it opened on
October 1, 1928, occupying an area of New Jersey marshland filled with dredged
soil.
In 1935, Amelia Earhart dedicated the Newark Airport Administration Building,
which was North America's first commercial airline terminal (Croydon Aerodrome,
south of London, was the world's first, predating Newark by seven years). Newark
was the busiest airport in the world until LaGuardia Airport opened in 1939,
dividing New York's air traffic and allowing Chicago Midway International
Airport to take the lead. Newark was temporarily closed to passenger traffic and
taken over by the United States Army for logistics operations during World War
II.
The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey took over the airport in 1948 and
made major investments in airport infrastructure, opening new runways and
hangars and revamping the airport's terminal layout. Airline traffic resumed
that year. The art deco Administration Building served as the main terminal
until the opening of the North Terminal in 1953, and was added to the National
Register of Historic Places in 1979.
In the 1950s, there were suggestions to move the airport after two crashes
within a month occurred at nearby Elizabeth, New Jersey. A new international
airport to serve the New York City area would have been built in what is now the
Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, however local protests defeated the plan.
In the 1970s, the airport underwent a significant enlargement, including the
construction of the current Terminals A, B, and C, and was renamed Newark
International Airport. Terminals A and B opened in 1973, although some charter
and international flights requiring customs clearance remained at the North
Terminal. The main building of Terminal C was completed at the same time, but
only metal framing work was done on the terminal's satellites, and it lay
dormant until the mid-1980s, when for a brief time a small portion of the
terminal was used for People Express' international arrivals. Terminal C was
fully completed and opened to the public in June, 1988.
Underutilized throughout the 1970s, Newark expanded dramatically in the 1980s.
People Express struck a deal with the Port Authority to use the North Terminal
as both its air terminal and corporate office in 1981 and began operations at
Newark that year. It quickly rose to become one of the largest American
airlines, steadily increasing Newark's traffic in the first half of the 1980s.
Virgin Atlantic Airways began flights from Newark to London in 1984, challenging
JFK's status as New York's international gateway (however, Virgin Atlantic now
has more flights going out of JFK than out of Newark). When People Express was
merged into Continental in 1987, the now-demolished North Terminal was shuttered
forever. Newark, however, remained a hub for Continental, which operated out of
Terminal B until the opening of Terminal C in 1988.
Today, Continental has its Global Gateway at Terminal C, having completed a
major expansion project that included the construction of a new, third concourse
and a new Federal Inspection Services facility. With its Newark hub, Continental
is the largest provider of air service to the New York metropolitan area.
United Airlines Flight 93 pushed back from gate A17 at 8:01 am, on its way from
Newark to San Francisco International Airport, on September 11, 2001. Two hours
later it would crash into a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, when passengers
attempted to take over the plane from a team of hijackers. Based on the
direction that the plane was flying at the time and information gathered
afterwards, most observers believe that the hijackers intended to crash the
plane into a target in Washington, D.C., such as the Capitol or White House. In
memory of this event, the airport's name was changed from Newark International
Airport to Newark Liberty International Airport. This name was chosen over the
initial proposal, Liberty International Airport at Newark, and refers to the
landmark Statue of Liberty, just 7 miles (11 km) east of the airport. Despite
the name change few locals call it by its new name. The name most often used by
locals is "Newark Airport" or simply "Newark".
In 2001, Newark Liberty International Airport became the terminus of the world's
longest non-stop scheduled airline route, Continental's service to Hong Kong. In
2004, Singapore Airlines broke Continental's record by starting non-stop 18-hour
flights to Singapore from Newark. In 2005, Continental commenced flight from
Newark to Beijing on June 15, 2005 and New Delhi on November 1, 2005: when these
services began, Continental became for a time the only airline to serve India
nonstop from the United States, and the third U.S. carrier, after United and
Northwest to serve mainland China nonstop and the first to offer nonstop flights
to Beijing from New York operated by a U.S. carrier. On July 16, 2007,
Continental Airlines announced that it would seek government approval for
nonstop flights between Newark and Shanghai in 2009. On September 11, 2007, both
China Southern Airlines and Hainan Airlines announced plans to begin nonstop
flights between Newark and Beijing in 2008 and 2009, respectively, using new
Boeing 787-8 aircraft. In September 2007, the United States Department of
Transportation tentatively awarded Continental the right to fly to Shanghai from
Newark beginning March 25, 2009 using Boeing 787 aircraft.
Facilities
Newark Liberty International Airport covers 2,027 acres (820 ha) and has three
runways and one helipad:
* Runway 4L/22R: 11,000 x 150 ft. (3,353 x 46 m), Surface: Asphalt/Concrete
* Runway 4R/22L: 10,000 x 150 ft. (3,048 x 46 m), Surface: Asphalt
* Runway 11/29: 6,800 x 150 ft. (2,073 x 46 m), Surface: Asphalt
* Helipad H1: 40 x 40 ft. (12 x 12 m), Surface: Concrete
Most departing traffic use Runway 4L/22R, while most arriving traffic use
04R/22L, and 11/29 is used more often by smaller aircraft or when there are
strong crosswinds on the two main runways. Newark's two parallel runways
(04L/04R) have a lateral separation of only 900 feet (270 m), which is the
fourth smallest of major airports in the U.S., after SFO, LAX and SEA.
Terminals and destinations
Newark Liberty International Airport has three passenger terminals. Terminal A
and Terminal B were completed in 1973 and have four levels. Ticket counters are
on the top floor, except for the second-floor Air India, British Airways, and
Silverjet. Gates and shops are on the third floor. An international arrivals
lounge (Terminal B) and baggage carousels (both A and B) are on the second
floor. Finally, short-term parking and ramp operations (restricted areas) are on
the ground floor. Terminal C, completed in 1988, has two ticketing levels, one
for international check-in and one for domestic check-in. The gates, as well as
food and shopping outlets are located on a mezzanine level between the two
check-in floors. From 1998-2003, Terminal C was renovated. The baggage claim
area was renovated, and turned into a second departure level, splitting
departures into International Floor/Domestic Floor, a third concourse was added,
an international arrivals facility was added, and a 3,400-space parking garage,
and new baggage processing facilities were added, including turning the former
underground parking area into a new baggage claim. Parking had been prohibited
underneath the terminal as a security measure after the first attack on the
World Trade Center in 1993.
As of 2007, Terminal B is being renovated to increase capacity for departing
passengers and passenger comfort. The renovations include expanding and updating
the ticketing areas, building a new departure level for domestic flights, and
building a new arrivals hall.
Each terminal is subdivided into three numbered concourses: Terminal A, for
instance, is divided into concourses A1, A2, and A3. Gate numbering is
continuous through all the terminals.
Terminal A
Terminal A is the only terminal at Newark not fitted with immigration
facilities: flights arriving from other countries (except countries with US
customs preclearance) cannot use Terminal A, although some departing
international flights use the terminal.
* Air Canada (Calgary [begins June 16], Toronto-Pearson)
o Air Canada Jazz (Montréal, Toronto-Pearson)
* AirTran Airways (Atlanta)
* Alaska Airlines (Seattle/Tacoma)
* American Airlines (Chicago-O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Eagle/Vail [seasonal],
Los Angeles, Miami, San Juan (PR))
o AmericanConnection operated by Chautauqua Airlines (St. Louis)
o American Eagle (Raleigh/Durham)
* Continental Airlines (Atlanta, Boston, Chicago-Midway [ends April 4],
Chicago-O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Washington-Reagan)
o Continental Express operated by ExpressJet Airlines (Atlanta, Boston,
Chicago-Midway, Chicago-O'Hare, Washington-Dulles, Washington-Reagan)
* JetBlue Airways (Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Orlando, Tampa, West Palm Beach)
* Midwest Airlines
o Midwest Connect operated by SkyWest (Milwaukee)
* United Airlines (Chicago-O'Hare, Denver, Los Angeles, San Francisco)
o United Express operated by Mesa Airlines (Washington-Dulles) [begins April 2]
o United Express operated by Trans States Airlines (Washington-Dulles)
* US Airways (Charlotte, Las Vegas, Phoenix)
o US Airways Express operated by Air Wisconsin (Charlotte)
o US Airways Express operated by Mesa Airlines (Charlotte)
o US Airways Express operated by Trans States Airlines (Pittsburgh)
* WestJet (Calgary) [begins June 2; seasonal]
Terminal B
* Air France (Paris-Charles de Gaulle)
* Air India (Mumbai, Paris-Charles de Gaulle)
* Air Jamaica (Montego Bay)
* Alitalia (Milan-Malpensa [ends March 29], Rome-Fiumicino)
* British Airways (London-Heathrow)
* China Southern Airlines (Beijing) [begins July 2008]
* Delta Air Lines (Atlanta, Salt Lake City)
o Delta Connection operated by Atlantic Southeast Airlines (Atlanta,
Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky)
o Delta Connection operated by Comair (Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky)
o Delta Connection operated by Freedom Airlines (Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky)
* El Al Israel Airlines (Tel Aviv)
* Eos Airlines (London-Stansted) [begins May 5]
* EVA Air (Taipei-Taiwan Taoyuan)
* Hainan Airlines (Beijing) [begins October 2009]
* Jet Airways (Brussels, Mumbai)
* LOT Polish Airlines (Kraków [seasonal], Rzeszów, Warsaw)
* L'Avion (Paris-Orly)
* Lufthansa (Düsseldorf [begins May 1], Frankfurt, Munich)
o Lufthansa operated by PrivatAir (Düsseldorf [ends May 1])
* Malaysia Airlines (Kuala Lumpur, Stockholm-Arlanda)
* Myrtle Beach Direct Air
o Myrtle Beach Direct Air operated by Xtra Airways (Myrtle Beach [seasonal], St.
Petersburg/Clearwater)
* Northwest Airlines (Amsterdam, Detroit, Memphis, Minneapolis/St. Paul)
o Northwest Airlink operated by Compass Airlines (Memphis) [begins April 8]
* Porter Airlines (Toronto-City Centre) [begins March 31]
* Qatar Airways (Doha, Geneva)
* Scandinavian Airlines System (Copenhagen, Stockholm-Arlanda)
* Singapore Airlines (Singapore)
* Silverjet (London-Luton)
* Swiss International Air Lines
o Swiss International Air Lines operated by PrivatAir (Zürich)
* TAP Portugal (Lisbon, Porto)
* USA3000 Airlines (Cancún [public charter], Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Punta
Cana, St. Petersburg/Clearwater)
* Virgin Atlantic (London-Heathrow)
* Voyageur Airways (Mont-Tremblant) [seasonal]
Terminal C
* Continental Airlines (Acapulco [seasonal], Aguadilla, Albuquerque, Amsterdam,
Antigua, Aruba, Athens, Austin, Barcelona, Beijing, Belfast-International,
Belize City, Berlin-Tegel, Bermuda, Birmingham (UK), Bogotá, Bonaire, Bristol
(UK), Brussels, Buffalo, Calgary [seasonal], Cancún, Charleston (SC), Charlotte,
Cleveland, Cologne/Bonn, Columbus (OH), Copenhagen, Cozumel, Curacao/Willemstad,
Daytona Beach, Delhi, Denver, Detroit, Dublin, Eagle/Vail [Seasonal], Edinburgh,
Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Frankfurt, Geneva, Glasgow-International, Grand
Cayman, Guatemala City, Halifax, Hamburg, Hayden/Steamboat Springs [seasonal],
Hong Kong, Honolulu, Houston-Intercontinental, Indianapolis, Jacksonville,
Kansas City, Las Vegas, Liberia, Lima, Lisbon, London-Gatwick, London-Heathrow
[begins March 29], Los Angeles, Madrid, Manchester (UK), Mexico City, Miami,
Milan-Malpensa, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Montego Bay, Montreal, Montrose/Telluride,
Mumbai, Myrtle Beach, Nassau, New Orleans, Orange County, Orlando, Oslo, Panama
City, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Phoenix, Pittsburgh, Port of Spain, Portland
(OR), Providence, Puerto Plata, Puerto Vallarta, Punta Cana, Raleigh/Durham,
Roatán [seasonal], Rome-Fiumicino, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San
Francisco, San Jose (CA), San José (CR), San Jose del Cabo, San Juan, San Pedro
Sula, San Salvador, Santiago (DR), Santo Domingo, São Paulo-Guarulhos, Sarasota,
Seattle/Tacoma, Shanghai-Pudong [begins March 25, 2009], Shannon, St. Maarten,
St. Thomas, Stockholm-Arlanda, Tampa, Tel Aviv, Tokyo-Narita, Toronto-Pearson,
Tucson, Vancouver, West Palm Beach, Zürich)
o Continental Connection operated by Colgan Air (Albany, Baltimore/Washington,
Greensboro [begins May 4], Hartford/Springfield, Norfolk, Pittsburgh, Providence
[begins April 6], Raleigh/Durham, Rochester (NY))
o Continental Express operated by ExpressJet Airlines (Albany, Asheville,
Baltimore/Washington, Bangor, Birmingham (AL), Buffalo, Burlington (VT),
Charleston (SC), Charlotte, Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky, Columbia (SC),
Columbus (OH), Dayton, Detroit, Fayetteville (AR), Grand Rapids, Greensboro,
Greenville (SC), Halifax, Hartford/Springfield, Indianapolis, Jackson (MS),
Jacksonville (FL), Kansas City, Knoxville, Lexington, Little Rock, Louisville,
Madison, Manchester (NH), Memphis, Milwaukee, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Montréal,
Mont-Tremblant [seasonal], Nantucket [seasonal], Nashville, Norfolk, Oklahoma
City, Omaha, Ottawa, Pittsburgh, Portland (ME), Providence, Québec City,
Raleigh/Durham, Richmond, Rochester (NY), Sarasota, Savannah, St. John's, St.
Louis, Syracuse (NY), Toronto-Pearson, Tulsa)†
* US Helicopter Gate C71 (Bridgeport, Downtown Manhattan Heliport, East 34th St.
Heliport, New York-JFK)
† Continental Express flights will be gradually moved to Terminal A by June
2008.
Cargo
* ABX Air
* Air Transport International
* Capital Cargo International Airlines
* DHL
* FedEx Express
* Kalitta Air
* Mountain Air Cargo
* United Airlines Cargo
* United Parcel Service
* Wiggins
Ground transportation
AirTrain
Newark is an intermodal airport. A monorail system, AirTrain Newark, connects
the terminals with the Newark Liberty International Airport Rail Link Station
for connection to Amtrak and New Jersey Transit service. Passengers can use this
connection to travel from EWR to any station along New Jersey Transit's
Northeast Corridor or North Jersey Coast Line, including regional transit hubs
such as New York City's Penn Station.
Continental Airlines uses this rail connection to book passengers through Newark
to 30th Street Station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Wilmington Station in
Wilmington, Delaware; Penn Station in New York City; Stamford Station in
Stamford, Connecticut; and Union Station in New Haven, Connecticut.
The monorail is free for use between all stations, but passengers wishing to
exit or enter the Rail Link station must pay a $5.50 fee. NJ Transit tickets to
or from the Rail Link station (indicated by ** EWR ** on the tickets) that are
sold at ticket windows and vending machines automatically include the $5.50 fee.
Tickets purchased on a train will not allow passengers to enter the Rail Link
station; they will have to pay the fee at the station.
Other connections
Numerous bus services run between Newark Liberty and nearby population centers,
including New Jersey Transit, Airporter, and Olympia Trails. Express buses to
Manhattan transit hubs (Grand Central Terminal, Port Authority Bus Terminal,
etc.) cost $14 (round trip $25). There is also bus service to JFK Airport, which
costs $24.
The airport is also served by a number of New Jersey Transit buses. Routes 40
and 62 provide local service from downtown Newark, including Newark Penn
Station, at a fare of $1.35, the former from the North Area, and the latter from
the passenger terminals. Route 37 provides service to the airport from Newark
and Irvington, and Route 67 provides local service from Lakewood and Toms River.
The New Jersey Turnpike has 2 exits that allow motorists to gain access to
Newark Liberty International Airport. Those exits are 13A and 14.
Taxis also operate from the airport at flat rates based on destination. From the
City of New York, fares are set by New York City's Taxi and Limousine
Commission. From New York City, the taxi fare shall be the metered rate plus a
surcharge of $15.00 plus the cost of round trip tolls. This is approximately $40
to $75 depending on the exact origin. Newark Liberty, along with destinations in
Nassau and Weschester Counties, is one of the exceptions to the rule that a New
York City taxi driver may refuse to take a passenger to any destination outside
the five boroughs.
From Newark Airport to Manhattan, the taxi fare is a set fee plus round trip
tolls. From Newark Airport to
* Battery Park to West 34th Street: $50.00
* West 35th Street to West 58th Street: $55.00
* West 59th Street to West 109th Street: $60.00
* West 110th Street to West 185th Street: $65.00
* North of 185th Street: $70.00
* New York/LaGuardia Airport: $87.00
* New York/Kennedy Airport: $85.00
There is an additional charge of $5.00 for all destinations on the east side of
Manhattan between Battery Park and 185th Street.
Continental Airlines also books passengers via bus to Lehigh Valley
International Airport in Allentown, Pennsylvania, a 90-minute trip.
Accommodations
Within Newark Liberty International Airport's complex is a Marriott hotel, the
only hotel located on the airport's property. Shuttle vans stop at all terminals
to transport guests to the hotel because the Marriott is not serviced by the
monorail and is not physically connected to any terminal. There are also a
variety of hotels located adjacent to Newark Airport.
Airport information
Airport information can be obtained in several ways both before traveling to the
airport and while there. In addition to the Web site listed below, travelers may
call the airport at +1-973-961-6000 or from within the United States and Canada,
toll-free at 888-EWR-INFO (397-4636).
In the immediate vicinity of the airport, parking and other information can be
obtained by tuning to a highway advisory radio station at 530 AM.
Newark Airport, along with LaGuardia and Kennedy airports, uses a uniform style
of signing throughout the airport properties. Yellow signs direct passengers to
airline gates, ticketing and other flight services; green signs direct
passengers to ground transportation services, and black signs lead to restrooms,
telephones and other passenger amenities.
Former New York City traffic reporter, Bernie Wagenblast provides the voice for
the airport's phone system, radio station and curbside announcements, as well as
the messages heard onboard AirTrain Newark and in its stations.
The airport has the IATA designation EWR, rather than a designation that begins
with the letter 'N' because the U.S. Navy discourages the use of IATA codes that
begin with the letter 'N' for United States airports, and because the obvious
designator of "NEW" is already assigned to Lakefront Airport in New Orleans, LA.
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