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LaGuardia Airport (IATA: LGA, ICAO: KLGA, FAA LID: LGA) (pronounced La-Gwardia)
is an airport serving New York City, New York, United States, located on the
waterfront of Flushing Bay, and borders the neighborhoods of Astoria, Jackson
Heights and East Elmhurst in the borough of Queens. The airport was originally
named Glenn H. Curtiss Airport after aviation pioneer Glenn Hammond Curtiss then
renamed North Beach Airport, then later named for Fiorello LaGuardia, a former
mayor of New York. In 1960, it was voted the "greatest airport in the world" by
the worldwide aviation community. "LaGuardia Airport" is the official name of
the airport according to the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which
operates the facility.
LaGuardia is the smallest of the New York metropolitan area's three primary
commercial airports, the other two of which are John F. Kennedy International
Airport in southern Queens and Newark Liberty International Airport in Newark,
New Jersey. It is larger however than nearby alternative airports Long Island
MacArthur Airport in Suffolk County, Westchester County Airport in Westchester
County, and to a lesser extent, Stewart International Airport in Newburgh, New
York. LaGuardia is popular due to its central location and proximity to
Manhattan. In spite of the airport's small size, wide-body aircraft once visited
regularly; the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 and Lockheed L-1011 were even
specifically designed for use at LaGuardia. From 2000-2005 Delta operated the
767-400ER with 285 seats. Today, there are no scheduled widebody flights, though
occasionally Delta rotates a Boeing 767-300 in for one of its many Atlanta
flights. The airport serves as a focus city for Delta Air Lines, American
Airlines, US Airways, and their regional affiliates.
Most flights from LaGuardia go to destinations within the US and Canada, as well
as service to Aruba, the Bahamas and Bermuda. The airport has INS/FIS facilities
capable of processing customs and immigration on arriving international flights;
the facilities are insufficient to handle efficiently the number of passengers
that a non-precleared scheduled airline service would require. LaGuardia is the
busiest airport in the US without any non-stop service to and from Europe.
A perimeter rule prohibits incoming and outgoing flights that exceed 1,500 miles
(2,400 km)—except on Saturdays, when the ban is lifted, and to Denver, which was
grandfathered in — so most transcontinental and international flights use the
area's other two major airports, JFK and Newark.
In 2007, the airport handled 25.3 million passengers; JFK handled approximately
48.9 million and Newark handled slightly more than 37.3 million, making for a
total of approximately 111 million travelers using New York airports, which is
the largest airport system in the United States in terms of passenger numbers.
History
Construction
The three major airports serving New York City: 1) JFK International (JFK) 2)
LaGuardia (LGA) 3) Newark Liberty International (EWR) ☆ Floyd Bennett Field
(1931–72)
The three major airports serving New York City:
1) JFK International (JFK)
2) LaGuardia (LGA)
3) Newark Liberty International (EWR)
☆ Floyd Bennett Field (1931–72)
The initiative to develop the airport began with a verbal outburst by New York
mayor Fiorello LaGuardia (in office from 1934 to 1945) upon the arrival of his
TWA flight at Newark — the only commercial airport serving the New York City
region at the time — as his ticket said "New York". He demanded to be taken to
New York, and ordered the plane to be flown to Brooklyn's Floyd Bennett Field,
giving an impromptu press conference to reporters along the way. At that time,
he urged New Yorkers to support a new airport within their city.
American Airlines accepted LaGuardia's offer to start a pilot program of
scheduled flights to Floyd Bennett, although the program failed after several
months because of Newark's relative proximity to Manhattan (LaGuardia went as
far as to offer police escorts to airport limousines, in an attempt to get
American to stay).
During the Floyd Bennett experiment, LaGuardia and American executives began an
alternative plan to build a new airport in Queens, where it could take advantage
of the new Queens-Midtown Tunnel to Manhattan. This was the site eventually
chosen for the new airport. Building on the site required moving landfill from
Rikers Island, then a garbage dump, onto a metal reinforcing framework. The
framework below the airport still causes magnetic interference on the compasses
of outgoing aircraft: signs on the airfield warn pilots about the problem.
It cost New York City $23 million to turn the tiny North Beach Airport into a
550-acre modern facility. Newark Airport began renovations, but could not keep
up with the new Queens airport, which Time called, "the most pretentious land
and seaplane base in the world." Even before the project was completed,
LaGuardia had won commitments from the 5 largest airlines (Pan American Airways,
American. United, Eastern Air Lines and Transcontinental & Western Air) that
they would begin using the new field as soon as it opened.
The airport was dedicated on October 15, 1939, as the New York Municipal
Airport, and opened for business on that December 2. Newspaper accounts
alternately referred to the airfield as New York Municipal Airport and LaGuardia
Field until the modern name was officially applied when the airport moved to
Port of New York Authority control under a lease with New York City on June 1,
1947.
Because of American's pivotal role in the development of the airport, LaGuardia
gave the airline extra real estate during the airport's first year of operation,
including four hangars (an unprecedented amount of space at the time) and a
large office space that would be turned into the world's first airline lounge,
the LaGuardia Admirals Club.
Later development
Although LaGuardia was a very large airport for the era in which it was built,
it soon became too small for the amount of air traffic it had to handle.
Starting in 1968, general aviation aircraft were charged heavy fees to operate
from LaGuardia during peak hours, driving many GA operators to airports such as
Teterboro Airport in Teterboro, New Jersey. In 1984, to further combat
overcrowding at LGA, the Port Authority instituted a "perimeter rule" banning
flights from LaGuardia to cities more than 1,500 miles away (Western Airlines
unsuccessfully challenged the rule in federal court). Later, the Port Authority
also moved to connect JFK and Newark Airport to regional rail networks with the
AirTrain Newark and AirTrain JFK, in an attempt to make these more distant
airports competitive with LaGuardia. In addition to these local regulations, the
FAA also limited the number of flights and types of aircraft that could operate
at LaGuardia.
LaGuardia's traffic continued to grow. By 2000, the airport routinely
experienced overcrowding-related delays, many of which were more than an hour
long. That year, Congress passed legislation to revoke the federal traffic
limits on LaGuardia by 2007. The reduced demand for air travel following the
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on New York City quickly slowed
LaGuardia's traffic growth, helping to mitigate the airport's delays. Ongoing
Port Authority investments to renovate the Central Terminal Building and improve
the airfield layout have also made the airport's operations more efficient in
recent years.
Planes taking off from LaGuardia often fly directly over nearby Shea Stadium,
causing disruptions at New York Mets games.
In late 2006, construction began to replace the current tower, built in 1962,
with a more modern one.
Accidents and incidents
* On February 1, 1957, Northeast Airlines Flight 823 crashed on takeoff into
Rikers Island. Of 101 people aboard, 21 were killed.
* On February 3, 1959, American Airlines Flight 320 crashed on approach into the
East River. Of 73 people aboard, 65 were killed.
* On December 29, 1975, a bomb exploded at LaGuardia, killing 11 people and
injuring 74.
* On September 21, 1989, USAir Flight 5050 bound for Charlotte/Douglas
International Airport in Charlotte, North Carolina, crashed after aborting
takeoff and rolling off the end of the runway into the East River. The plane
broke into three pieces, and three passengers died as a result.
* On March 22, 1992, USAir Flight 405 bound for Cleveland Hopkins International
Airport in Cleveland, Ohio, crashed on takeoff at LaGuardia due to icing on its
wings. Of 51 people aboard, 27 were killed.
* On March 2, 1994, Continental Airlines Flight 705 to Stapleton International
Airport in Denver, Colorado, aborted takeoff in a snowstorm and skidded down the
runway into a ditch.
Over the years, these incidents have led to discussions on whether or not
LaGuardia's 7,000-foot runways are adequate to handle large passenger aircraft.
There are several commercial airports in the U.S. with shorter runways (Chicago
Midway and Bob Hope Airport, for example).
Airlines and Terminals
LaGuardia has four terminals connected by buses and walkways.
Central Terminal Building (CTB)
The Central Terminal Building (CTB) serves most of LaGuardia's domestic
airlines. It is six blocks long, consisting of a four-story central section, two
three-story wings and four concourses (A, B, C, and D) with 38 aircraft gates.
It was dedicated on April 17, 1964, and cost $36 million. Delta and US Airways
left the CTB in 1983 and 1992 respectively to their own dedicated terminals on
the east side of the airport. The Port Authority and various airlines have
carried out a $340 million improvement project in the 1990s and early 2000s to
expand and renovate the existing space.
Concourse A
* Air Canada (Montréal, Toronto-Pearson)
o Air Canada Jazz (Halifax, Montréal, Ottawa, Toronto-Pearson)
* Continental Airlines (Cleveland, Houston-Intercontinental)
o Continental Express operated by Chautauqua Airlines (Cleveland)
o Continental Express operated by ExpressJet Airlines (Cleveland)
* JetBlue Airways (Fort Lauderdale, Orlando, West Palm Beach)
Concourse B
* AirTran Airways (Akron/Canton, Atlanta, Daytona Beach [ends May 5], Milwaukee
[begins May 6], Newport News/Williamsburg, Orlando, Tampa [ends May 5])
* Frontier Airlines (Denver)
* JetBlue Airways (See Concourse A)
* Midwest Airlines (Kansas City, Milwaukee)
* Spirit Airlines (Detroit, Fort Lauderdale, Myrtle Beach)
Concourse C
* American Airlines (Atlanta, Chicago-O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Eagle/Vail
[seasonal], Fort Lauderdale, Miami, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Nashville, New
Orleans, Orlando, Raleigh/Durham, St. Louis, Tampa, Toronto-Pearson, West Palm
Beach)
o American Eagle (Boston, Charlotte, Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky, Cleveland,
Columbus (OH), Des Moines, Detroit, Fayetteville (AR), Flint [ends April 4],
Halifax, Louisville, Madison, Memphis, Montréal, Pittsburgh, Raleigh/Durham,
Traverse City [seasonal], Toronto-Pearson, Washington-Reagan)
* United Airlines (Chicago-O'Hare, Denver, Washington-Dulles)
o United Express operated by Chautauqua Airlines (Washington-Dulles)
o United Express operated by Mesa Airlines (Washington-Dulles)
Concourse D
* American Airlines (see Concourse C)
o American Eagle (see Concourse C)
Delta Terminal
The Delta Flight Center opened on June 18, 1983, at a cost of approximately $90
million. It was designed to accommodate Delta's new Boeing 767 and Boeing 757
aircraft.
* Delta Air Lines (Atlanta, Bermuda [seasonal], Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky,
Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Hayden/Steamboat Springs [seasonal], Nassau, New
Orleans, Orlando, Salt Lake City, Tampa, West Palm Beach)
o Delta Connection operated by Atlantic Southeast Airlines (Columbia (SC),
Sarasota/Bradenton)
o Delta Connection operated by Chautauqua Airlines (Birmingham (AL))
o Delta Connection operated by Comair (Birmingham (AL), Charleston (SC),
Charlotte, Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky, Columbus (OH), Daytona Beach [ends
April 30], Greensboro/High Point/Winston-Salem, Greenville (SC)/Spartanburg,
Huntsville/Decatur (AL), Jacksonville (FL), Knoxville, Lexington,
Raleigh/Durham, Richmond, Savannah/Hilton Head Island, Tampa)
o Delta Connection operated by Shuttle America (Atlanta, Melbourne (FL) [ends
April 28])
* Northwest Airlines (Detroit, Indianapolis, Memphis, Minneapolis/St. Paul)
o Northwest Airlink operated by Pinnacle Airlines (Des Moines, Flint, Grand
Rapids, Indianapolis, Madison)
Marine Air Terminal
The Marine Air Terminal (MAT) was the airport's original overseas or
international terminal. It is so named because it once served the flying boats
of Pan American Airways, America's airline to the world in international travel
during the 1930s and 1940s. Pan American later used the terminal for its shuttle
service.
The terminal is home of the largest mural created during the Roosevelt era Works
Progress Administration (WPA) Federal Arts Program. Created by New York artist
James Brooks, the mural titled "Flight" encircles the upper rotunda walls,
telling the story of man's conquest of the heavens through 1942 when the work
was completed. During the 1950s, many WPA artists were thought to be in
collusion or supporting communists. Several works of art were destroyed that had
been created for Post Offices and other public facilities. "Flight" was
completely painted over with wall paint by the Port Authority of New York & New
Jersey and it remained hidden until 1975. At that point a campaign was mounted
to restore the mural by Geoffrey Arend an aviation historian and author of
several airport history books including Great Airports LaGuardia. Mr. Arend
spent $7000.00 of his own money to build a display of what the mural once looked
like inside the MAT. With the help of artist Brooks and the cooperation and
support of LaGuardia Airport manager Tim Peirce, it was discovered that Brooks
having sealed his mural against the elements of nearby Bowery Bay (where the Pan
Am flying boats operated), had also created a protective layer against the
overpaint.
With $80,000 in funds donated by Readers Digest founder DeWitt Wallace and
Laurance Rockefeller, "Flight "was restored by conservator Alan Farancz in a
year-long effort. Today the 237 foot circular 12 foot high mural is part of a
restored and properly designated landmark Marine Air Terminal.
* Delta Air Lines
o Delta Connection operated by Shuttle America (Chicago-Midway,
Washington-Reagan)
o Delta Shuttle operated by Delta Air Lines (Boston, Washington-Reagan)
US Airways Terminal
The 300,000 square foot US Airways Terminal was opened September 12, 1992, at a
cost of $250 million. The original tenant was intended to be Eastern Airlines.
Trump Shuttle later occupied the terminal before selling the gate leases to US
Airways. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey says that the terminal
handles approximately 50% of regional airliner traffic at LaGuardia.
* US Airways (Aruba [seasonal], Charlotte, Freeport [seasonal], Nassau
[seasonal], Pittsburgh)
o US Airways Express operated by Air Wisconsin (Baltimore/Washington, Buffalo,
Charleston (SC), Charlotte, Columbus (OH), Greensboro/High Point/Winston-Salem,
Greenville (SC)/Spartanburg, Indianapolis, Louisville, Norfolk/Virginia Beach,
Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Portland (ME), Raleigh/Durham, Richmond, Rochester (NY),
Savannah/Hilton Head Island, Wilmington (NC))
o US Airways Express operated by Chautauqua Airlines (Bangor (ME) [seasonal],
Charleston (SC), Charlotte, Columbus (OH), Dayton, Greensboro/High
Point/Winston-Salem, Greenville (SC)/Spartanburg, Indianapolis, Louisville,
Philadelphia, Portland (ME), Raleigh/Durham, Richmond, Savannah/Hilton Head
Island, Wilmington (NC))
o US Airways Express operated by Colgan Air (Albany (NY), Charlottesville,
Harrisburg, Hyannis [seasonal], Ithaca, Lebanon, Manchester (NH), Martha's
Vineyard [seasonal], Nantucket [seasonal], Providence, Syracuse)
o US Airways Express operated by Piedmont Airlines (Baltimore/Washington,
Buffalo, Burlington (VT), Columbus (OH), Manchester (NH), Norfolk/Virginia
Beach, Philadelphia, Portland (ME), Roanoke, Rochester (NY))
o US Airways Express operated by PSA Airlines (Charlotte, Dayton, Philadelphia)
o US Airways Express operated by Republic Airlines (Buffalo, Charleston (SC),
Columbus (OH), Indianapolis, Pittsburgh, Richmond)
o US Airways Shuttle operated by US Airways (Boston, Washington-Reagan)
Ground Transportation
Bus
Several city bus lines link LGA to the New York City Subway and Long Island Rail
Road, with free transfers provided for subway connections. The buses are
handicapped accessible. These are operated by MTA New York City Transit and MTA
Bus Company:
* M60 (All terminals)
* Q33 (All except Marine Air Terminal)
* Q48 (All terminals)
* Q72 (Central Terminal only)
* Q47 (Marine Air Terminal only)
There are also many private bus lines operating express buses to Manhattan, the
Hudson Valley, and Long Island.
Taxi
Taxicabs serving the Airport are licensed by New York City Taxi & Limousine
Commission. The fares within New York City are metered. Uniformed Taxi
Dispatchers are available to assist passengers before they start the rides.
Limousine
New York City's limousine services, which are licensed by NYCTLC New York City
Taxi & Limousine Commission, offer various rates ranging from $40 - $150 from
LGA airport to Manhattan, excluding tips and tolls in a sedan or limousine.
Depending on the time of day, travel from LGA to Midtown Manhattan can be as
quick as 25 minutes. Limousines accommodate 2-20 passengers depending upon the
size of the limo.
In popular culture
* LaGuardia Airport appears as a level in the computer game Deus Ex. The level
itself takes place in a private section of LaGuardia that is owned by Juan
Lebedev, a prominent member of the NSF.
* LaGuardia airport of 1939 nearly receives the landing of a Boeing 707 jetliner
in the Twilight Zone episode The Odyssey of Flight 33, but then the crew sees
the 1939 World's Fair site and realize they did not come forward in time far
enough to be home. They do not make the landing they've been cleared for at
LaGuardia.
* LaGuardia Airport is featured, and is the only airport, in the 2006 game
Driver Parallel Lines. Although the player cannot enter the terminal, the runway
area and a few of the parking lots are accessible. In the 1978 era there are
hangers with ramps to jump off of, and in 2006 there are gates and a new
entrance from the road out front, which is one-way, opposed to the two way road
in 1978. The surrounding area's geography is changed to incorporate a racetrack
and a Ray's Garage.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
