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John F. Kennedy International Airport (IATA: JFK, ICAO: KJFK, FAA LID: JFK)
is an international airport located in Queens, in southeastern New York City and
about 12 miles (19 km) from Lower Manhattan. Originally known as the Idlewild
Airport (IATA: IDL, ICAO: KIDL, FAA LID: IDL), it was renamed in 1963 in memory
of the late President John F. Kennedy. It is colloquially referred to simply as
"Kennedy" or "JFK".
JFK airport is the newest and busiest of the New York metropolitan area's three
primary commercial airports. It is the top international air passenger gateway
to the United States and is also the leading freight gateway to the country by
value of shipments. The airport is operated by the Port Authority of New York
and New Jersey, which manages four other airports in the New York metropolitan
area, Newark Liberty, LaGuardia, Stewart International Airport (SWF) and
Teterboro. It is the base of operations for JetBlue Airways and is also a major
international gateway hub for Delta Air Lines and American Airlines.
The five largest airlines at JFK in market share are JetBlue Airways (27.3%),
Delta Airlines/Connection (18.6%), American Airlines (18.5%), British Airways
(2.8%), and United Airlines (1.9%).
JFK's outbound international travel accounted for 17% of all U.S. travelers who
went overseas in 2004, the largest share of any U.S. airport. In 2000, JFK
handled an average of about 50,000 international passengers each day. The JFK-London
Heathrow route is the leading U.S. international airport pair with over 2.9
million passengers in 2000.[3] Other top international destinations from JFK are
Paris, Frankfurt, and Tokyo. Nearly 100 airlines from over 50 countries operate
regularly scheduled flights from JFK. Although JFK is known for its historical
role as an international gateway airport for the United States, it also handles
a large number of domestic flights. In 2007 the airport handled 48.9 million
passengers; Newark Liberty International Airport handled about 37.3 million and
LaGuardia Airport about 25.3 million, making for a total of approximately 111
million travelers using New York's airports, making New York the busiest airport
system in the United states in terms of passenger numbers.
History
Construction of the airport began in 1942 with modest ambitions — approximately
$60 million were spent for its construction, but only 1,000 acres (4 km²) of
land on the site of the Idlewild golf course were earmarked for use, which
provided the airport's original commonly-used though unofficial name, Idlewild
Airport. The airport is operated by the Port Authority of New York and New
Jersey, under a 1947 lease from the City of New York. The airport saw its first
commercial flight on July 1, 1948. It was dedicated as "New York International
Airport" on July 31 of that same year, although the name "Idlewild" remained in
common use and the official IATA airport code was IDL. It is estimated that JFK
international provides some $6.6 billion of economic activity and 207,000 jobs
in the New York metropolitan region today.
Until the construction of the International Arrivals Building in 1957, the
Temporary Terminal was the sole terminal. The growing popularity and advantages
of commercial air travel made the expansion of the airport a major need owing to
New York's importance as a major center of international commerce and tourism.
Another 4,000 acres (16 km²) were allocated to the airport and 8 new terminals
were constructed from 1958 to 1971, each designed by one of the airport's main
airlines. which become the hub of major airlines such as Pan Am, TWA and the
National Airlines.
The Worldport (Pan Am), now Terminal 3, opened in 1962. It featured a large,
elliptical roof suspended by 32 sets of radial posts and cables. The roof
extended far beyond the base of the terminal and covered the passenger loading
area. It was one of the first airline terminals in the world to feature Jetways
that connected to the terminal and that could be moved to provide an easy
walkway for passengers from the terminal to a docked aircraft, rather than
having to board the plane outside via airstairs.
The TWA Flight Center, now Terminal 5, also opened in 1962. Designed by Eero
Saarinen, it was sculpted as an abstract symbol of flight. It is considered one
of the most architecturally distinguished airport terminal designs in the world.
With the demise of TWA, however, it is no longer in use. The main building will
be kept as a part of a new Terminal 5 building built by JetBlue.
The airport was renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport in 1963, one month
after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. The airport received the
new IATA airport code of KIA, short for Kennedy International Airport, but as
the US death toll in Vietnam became a serious and emotive issue for Americans ("KIA",
short for Killed In Action, was a shorthand in newsreports of US casualties in
the war), it was changed in 1968 to JFK, and since then the airport has become
widely referred to by the abbreviation "JFK".
In 1970, National Airlines opened their Sundrome, designed by Pei Cobb Freed &
Partners. It is now used by JetBlue and is known as Terminal 6. As air traffic
in New York continued to grow, both Terminal 5 and Terminal 3 were modified in
the 1970s to accommodate new Boeing 747s. The supersonic Concorde, operated by
Air France and British Airways, provided scheduled trans-Atlantic supersonic
service to JFK from 1977 until 2003, when Concorde was retired by both carriers.
JFK had the most Concorde operations annually of any airport in the world.
The cargo operations at JFK were targeted in the 1978 Lufthansa heist and 1967
Air France robbery, inspiring the Nicholas Pileggi novel Wiseguy and Martin
Scorsese film Goodfellas.
By the mid-1980s, JFK had overtaken Newark International Airport (now Newark
Liberty International Airport) to become New York City's busiest airport.
In 1998, the airport began construction of the AirTrain JFK rapid transit
system. Completed in December 2003, the rail network links each airport terminal
to New York City subways and regional commuter trains at Howard Beach and
Jamaica, Queens.
After the September 11, 2001 attacks, JFK was one of the first airports in the
United States to be temporarily closed.
On March 19, 2007, JFK became the first airport in the United States to receive
the Airbus A380 with passengers aboard. The route-proving flight with more than
500 passengers was operated jointly by Lufthansa and Airbus and arrived at
Terminal 1.
Redevelopment plans
JFK is undergoing a $10.3 billion redevelopment. The airport opened a new
Terminal 1 in 1998. The $1.4 billion replacement for the International Arrivals
Building, Terminal 4, opened in 2001. Construction has begun on JetBlue Airways'
new Terminal 5, which will incorporate the historic landmark TWA FlightCenter
terminal. Delta Air Lines has undertaken a refurbishment of Terminals 2 and 3
(for its hub operation), while Terminals 8 and 9 have undergone redevelopment as
one single terminal for American Airlines hub operation - Terminal 8.
Original plans called for the redevelopment of Terminal 6 for United Airlines
[5]. However, United has since dramatically reduced its operation at JFK and has
abandoned any plans for a future JFK hub. As of August 2007, no plans have been
released as to the future of Terminal 6, currently occupied by JetBlue, once the
airline's new Terminal 5 becomes operational.
Infrastructure and services
Runways
Two pairs of parallel runways, four in all, surround the airport's central
terminal area: 4L-22R, 4R-22L, 13L-31R and 13R-31L. Runway 13R-31L is the second
longest commercial runway in North America, at a length of 14,572 ft (4,441 m).
Runway 4R-22L is 8,400 feet (2,600 m) long and 200 feet (61 m) wide. It is
equipped at both ends with Instrument Landing Systems (ILS), Approach Lighting
Systems (ALS) with sequenced flashers, and touchdown zone (TDZ) lighting.
Runway 4R is a Category III A/L ILS runway, permitting landings with a
visibility of 600 feet (180 m) or more by qualified aircrews. The first
Engineered Materials Arresting System (EMAS) in North America was installed at
the northeast end of the runway in 1996. The bed consists of cellular cement
material, which can safely decelerate and stop an aircraft that overruns the
runway. The arrestor bed concept was originated and developed by the Port
Authority and installed at JFK Airport as a joint research and development
project with the FAA and industry. Runway 22L ILS is also a Category III runway.
Runway 4L-22R is 11,351 feet (3,460 m) long by 150 feet (46 m) wide and is also
equipped with ILS at both ends allowing landings down to three-quarters of a
mile visibility. Takeoffs can be conducted with one-eighth of a mile visibility.
Runway 13L-31R is 10,000 feet (3,000 m) long by 150 feet (46 m) wide and is
equipped at both ends with ILS and ALS systems. Runway 13L has two additional
visual aids for landing aircraft, a Visual Approach Slope Indicator System (VASI)
and a Lead-In Lighting System (LDIN). The ILS on 13L has Category II capability,
and along with TDZ lighting, allows landings down to half a mile visibility.
Takeoffs can be made with visibility of one-eighth of a mile. JFK has over 25
miles (40 km) of taxiways to move aircraft in and around the airfield. The
standard width of these taxiways is 75 feet (23 m), with 25-foot (7.6 m)
heavy-duty shoulders and 25-foot (7.6 m) erosion control pavements on each side.
The taxiways have centerline lights and are generally of asphalt concrete
composition 15 to 18 inches (460 mm) thick. An illuminated sign system provides
directional information for taxiing aircraft.
The Air Traffic Control Tower, constructed on the ramp-side of Terminal 4, began
full FAA operations in October 1994 and is 321 feet (98 m) tall. An Airport
Surface Detection Equipment (ASDE) radar unit sits atop the tower. A gas-fired
electric cogeneration plant generates electricity for the airport, with an
output of about 90 megawatts. It uses thermal energy from the capture of waste
heat to heat and cool all of the passenger terminals and other facilities in the
central terminal area.
Aircraft service facilities include seven aircraft hangars, an engine overhaul
building, a 32-million gallon aircraft fuel storage facility, and a truck
garage.
Passenger terminals
JFK has eight passenger terminals in operation arranged in a U-shaped pattern
around a central area containing parking, hotels, a power plant, and other
airport facilities. The terminals are connected by the AirTrain system and
access roads. A 2006 survey by J.D. Power and Associates in conjunction with
Aviation Week found JFK ranked second in overall traveller satisfaction among
large airports in the United States, behind McCarran International Airport which
serves the Las Vegas metropolitan area.[6]
Terminal 1 has 11 gates. The original Terminal 1, built as a hub for Eastern
Airlines, was demolished, a new Terminal 1 was opened in 1998, 50 years after
the opening of JFK.
Terminal 2 was opened in 1962 as the home of Northeast Airlines, Braniff and
Northwest Airlines. After the demise of Northeast Airlines and Braniff the
building was taken over by Delta Air Lines. The building has 11 gates. Delta
hopes to merge its two terminals at JFK (2 & 3) into a single modern terminal in
the future.[citation needed]
Terminal 3, built as the Worldport in 1960 for Pan American, and substantially
expanded for the introduction of the 747 in 1970, has 17 gates. Delta Air Lines
currently uses the entire terminal, and has a connector to Terminal 2, its other
terminal at JFK.
Terminal 4, the international terminal, is able to handle the Airbus A380 and is
managed by the Schiphol Group. It was the first airport terminal in the United
States to be managed by a foreign airport operator. Terminal 4 is the major
gateway for International Arrivals at JFK. It is the newest structure at JFK
that does not incorporate an existing facility. Opened in 2001, the new building
was built at a cost of $1.4 billion. The terminal has 17 gates on two
concourses. Concourse A has six gates, numbered A2-A7. Concourse B has eleven
gates, numbered B20-B31, excluding B21. As Terminal 4 was built during the
construction of the AirTrain, the AirTrain station was built inside the terminal
building. Other AirTrain stations are built across from terminal buildings.
Terminal 5, also known as the TWA Flight Center, is closed while undergoing
reconstruction to become the new terminal for JetBlue Airways[7].
Terminal 6, built in 1970 as the National Airlines Sundrome, has 14 gates. On
June 1, 2006, JetBlue opened a temporary terminal complex that added seven gates
onto the terminal and increased the capacity for more flights. Customers access
the temporary terminal through shuttle buses after they clear the security
checkpoint.
Terminal 7 was built for BOAC and Air Canada in the early 1970s. In 1997, the
Port Authority entered an agreement with British Airways to expand the terminal.
The renovated terminal has 12 gates.[8]
The former Terminal 8 has just recently been closed and is starting the
demolishing process, with its iconic glass panels are being removed, as the new
American Airlines Terminal 8 (known as Terminal 9 until November 2007) is now
fully operational.
Air freight
JFK is the nation’s busiest international air freight gateway by value of
shipments and the second busiest overall by value including all air, land and
sea U.S. freight gateways. Over 21% of all U.S. international air freight by
value and 11% by tonnage moved through JFK in 2003.
JFK is a major hub for air cargo between the United States and Europe. London,
Brussels and Frankfurt are JFK's three top trade routes. The European airports
are mostly a link in a global supply chain, however. The top destination markets
for cargo flying out of JFK in 2003 were Tokyo, Seoul and London. Similarly, the
top origin markets for imports at JFK were Seoul, Hong Kong, and Taipei, with
London taking the fourth spot.
Some of the cargo imported and exported through JFK includes electrical
machinery, woven and knit apparel, medical instruments, footwear, plastics and
paper.
Nearly 100 cargo air carriers operate out of JFK,[4] among them: ABX Air, Air
France, Alitalia, Asiana, Astar Air Cargo, Atlas Air, CAL Cargo Air Lines,
Cargoitalia, Cargolux, China Airlines, Continental Airlines, DHL, Emirates
SkyCargo, EVA Air, Evergreen International Airlines, Execaire, FedEx Express,
Japan Airlines, Kalitta Air, Korean Air, Royal Jordanian, Lufthansa Cargo,
Nippon Cargo Airlines, Prince Edward Air, United Cargo, UPS, World Airways,
Southern Air . Top 5 carriers together transported 33.1% of all “revenue”
freight in 2005: American Airlines (10.9% of the total), FedEx Express (8.8%),
Lufthansa Cargo (5.2%), Korean Air Cargo (4.9%), China Airlines (3.8%).[9]
Most cargo and maintenance facilities at JFK are located north and west of the
main terminal area. The following airlines have dedicated cargo terminals at JFK:
Continental Airlines, DHL, Emirates SkyCargo, EVA Air, Evergreen International
Airlines, FedEx Express, Japan Airlines, Korean Air, Nippon Cargo Airlines,
United Cargo, and UPS.
In 2000, Korean Air Cargo opened a new $102 million cargo terminal at JFK. It
was the largest air freight facility on the East Coast with total warehouse
floor area of more than 55,000 sq ft (16, 764 m²) and capability of handling
200,000 tons annually.
Ground transportation
Rail
JFK is connected to New York's subway and commuter rail system by AirTrain JFK.
AirTrain stops at all terminals, car rental lots, and two subway stations. It is
free within the airport and $5 to reach the subway stations outside the airport
perimeter. Travel time between JFK and Midtown Manhattan is approximately 30-40
minutes (depending on the originating/terminating terminal at JFK) using
AirTrain and the Long Island Rail Road at Jamaica Station ($8 to $12); or
approximately 75 minutes using AirTrain and the New York City Subway A train at
Howard Beach-JFK Station ($2) or E, J and Z trains at Sutphin Boulevard Station
($2).
Bus
Several city bus lines link JFK to the New York City Subway and Long Island Rail
Road, including the Q3, Q6, Q7, Q10 (Local/Limited), and B15, with free
transfers provided for subway connections. The buses are handicapped accessible.
There are also many private bus lines operating express buses to Manhattan, the
Hudson Valley, and Long Island.
In addition, China Airlines provides private bus service to the following
destinations for its customers:
* Citibank in Fort Lee, New Jersey
* Top Quality Food Market 828 Rt. 46 in Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey
* Kam Man Food Inc. at 511 Old Post Road in Edison, New Jersey
* Holy Redeemer Church in the Chinatown of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Taxi
New York City's yellow cabs, operated by the New York City Taxi & Limousine
Commission, offer a flat rate service of $45 from JFK airport to Manhattan,
excluding tips and tolls. Since November 30, 2006, this flat rate fare
(excluding tips and tolls) applies to travel from Manhattan to JFK as well.
Depending on the time of day, taxi travel from JFK to Midtown Manhattan can be
as quick as 35 minutes. New York Taxis accommodate 4 passengers except vans
which accommodate 5.
Terminals, airlines, and destinations
Terminal 1
Terminal 1 has 11 gates: 1-11
* Aeroflot (Moscow-Sheremetyevo)
* Aeroméxico (Mexico City, Puebla [seasonal])
* Air China (Beijing)
* Air France (Paris-Charles de Gaulle)
* Alitalia (Milan-Malpensa, Rome-Fiumicino)
* Austrian Airlines (Vienna)
* Cayman Airways (Grand Cayman)
* China Airlines (Taipei-Taiwan Taoyuan)
* China Eastern Airlines (Shanghai-Pudong)
* Japan Airlines (São Paulo-Guarulhos, Tokyo-Narita)
* Korean Air (Seoul-Incheon)
* Lufthansa (Frankfurt, Munich)
* Olympic Airlines (Athens)
* Royal Air Maroc (Casablanca)
* Saudi Arabian Airlines (Jeddah, Riyadh)
* Turkish Airlines (Istanbul-Atatürk)
Terminal 2
Terminal 2 has 7 jetway equipped gates: 20-22, 26-29 and 17 stands for Delta
Connection carriers: 23A-H, 23J, 25K-N, 25P-S
* Delta Air Lines (See Terminal 3)
o Delta Connection operated by Chautauqua Airlines (Buffalo, Columbus (OH),
Nashville, Norfolk/Virginia Beach, Pittsburgh, St. Louis)
o Delta Connection operated by Comair (Albany (NY), Atlanta, Austin,
Baltimore/Washington, Boston, Buffalo, Burlington (VT), Charlotte [begins June
5], Chicago-O'Hare, Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky, Cleveland, Columbus (OH),
Detroit, Halifax [begins June 5], Hartford/Springfield (MA),
Houston-Intercontinental [begins June 5], Minneapolis/St. Paul [begins June 5],
Montréal, Nashville, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Providence, Quebec City
[seasonal], Raleigh/Durham, Richmond, Rochester (NY), St. Louis, Syracuse,
Toronto-Pearson, Washington-Dulles, Washington-Reagan)
o Delta Connection operated by Freedom Airlines (Albany (NY),
Baltimore/Washington, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago-O'Hare, Cincinnati/Northern
Kentucky, Dallas/Fort Worth, Hartford/Springfield, Indianapolis, Nantucket
[seasonal], Nashville, Norfolk/Virginia Beach, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh,
Portland (ME), Raleigh/Durham, Richmond, Syracuse, Washington-Dulles,
Washington-Reagan)
Terminal 3
Terminal 3 has 16 jetway equipped gates: 1-10, 12, 14-18 with 2 hardstand gates
(Gate 11) and a helipad on Taxiway 'KK'
* Delta Air Lines (Accra, Amman [begins June 5], Amsterdam, Antigua [begins June
12], Aruba, Athens, Atlanta, Barcelona, Berlin-Tegel, Bogotá [begins Spring
2008], Boston, Brussels, Bucharest-Otopeni, Budapest, Cairo [begins June 4],
Cape Town [begins June 3], Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky, Dakar [begins June 3],
Denver, Dublin, Edinburgh [begins May 1], Fort Lauderdale, Frankfurt, Guatemala
City, Georgetown [begins June 1], Hayden/Steamboat Springs [seasonal], Istanbul-Atatürk,
Kiev-Boryspil, Lagos [begins December 11], Las Vegas, Liberia (CR),
London-Gatwick, London-Heathrow [begins March 29], Los Angeles, Los Cabos, Lyon
[begins June 3], Madrid, Malaga [begins June 4], Manchester (UK), Mexico City,
Miami, Milan-Malpensa, Montego Bay, Moscow-Sheremetyevo, Mumbai, Nairobi [begins
December 8], Nice, Orlando, Panama City (PA), Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Paris-Orly
[begins June 2], Phoenix, Pisa, Port of Spain, Portland (OR), Puerto Vallarta,
Punta Cana, Rome-Fiumicino, Salt Lake City, San Diego, San Francisco, San José
(CR), San Juan (PR), Santiago (DR), Santo Domingo, São Paulo-Guarulhos,
Seattle/Tacoma, Shannon, St. Thomas, Tampa, Tel Aviv, Venice)
* US Helicopter Gate 11 (Bridgeport, Downtown Manhattan Heliport, East 34th St.
Heliport, Newark)
Terminal 4
Terminal 4 has 17 gates in two concourses: A2-A7, B20, B22-B31
Immigration control for incoming passengers at Terminal 4.
Immigration control for incoming passengers at Terminal 4.
* Aer Lingus (Dublin, Shannon)
* Aerolíneas Argentinas (Buenos Aires-Ezeiza)
* Aerosvit Airlines (Kiev-Boryspil)
* Air India (Amritsar, Chennai, Delhi, London-Heathrow, Mumbai)
* Air Jamaica (Bridgetown, Grenada, Kingston, Montego Bay, St. Lucia)
* Air Tahiti Nui (Papeete)
* airberlin
o LTU International (Düsseldorf)
* Asiana Airlines (Seoul-Incheon)
* Avianca (Barranquilla [ends April 5], Bogotá, Cali, Medellin-Cordova, Pereira
[ends April 5])
* Caribbean Airlines (Port of Spain)
* Constellation Charter Group operated by Primaris Airlines (Georgetown, Port of
Spain) [charters]
* Continental Airlines (Houston-Intercontinental)
o Continental Connection operated by CommutAir (Cleveland)
* Copa Airlines (Panama City)
* Czech Airlines (Prague)
* EgyptAir (Cairo)
* El Al Israel Airlines (Tel Aviv)
* Emirates (Dubai, Hamburg [ends March 30])
* Eos Airlines (London-Stansted)
* Etihad Airways (Abu Dhabi)
* Eurofly (Bari [seasonal], Bologna [seasonal], Lamezia Terme [seasonal], Naples
[seasonal], Palermo [seasonal], Pescara [seasonal], Rome-Fiumicino)
* Israir (Tel Aviv)
* JetBlue Airways (Cancún [arrivals], Puerto Plata [arrivals], San Juan (PR),
Santiago (DR) [arrivals], Santo Domingo [arrivals], St. Maarten [arrivals])
* KLM Royal Dutch Airlines (Amsterdam)
* Kuwait Airways (Kuwait City, London-Heathrow)
* LAN Airlines (Lima, Santiago (CL))
o LAN Ecuador (Guayaquil)
* LOT Polish Airlines (Kraków [seasonal], Rzeszów, Warsaw)
* Mexicana (Mexico City, Monterrey [begins May 1])
* Miami Air International [charter flights]
* North American Airlines (Accra, Baltimore/Washington, Georgetown, Lagos) [ends
May 20]
* Northwest Airlines (Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul)
* Pakistan International Airlines (Karachi, Lahore)
* Royal Jordanian (Amman)
* Singapore Airlines (Frankfurt, Singapore)
* South African Airways (Dakar, Johannesburg)
* Sun Country Airlines (Minneapolis/St. Paul, West Palm Beach [seasonal])
* Swiss International Air Lines (Geneva, Zürich)
* TACA (Guatemala City, San Pedro Sula, San Salvador)
o Lacsa (San José (CR))
* TAM Airlines (TAM Linhas Aéreas) (São Paulo-Guarulhos)
* Thai Airways International (Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi)
* Travelspan operated by Ryan International Airlines (Georgetown, Port of
Spain)[charters]
* Uzbekistan Airways (Riga, Tashkent)
* Virgin America (Los Angeles, San Francisco)
* Virgin Atlantic Airways (London-Heathrow)
* Zoom Airlines (UK) (Bermuda, London-Gatwick)
Terminal 5
Terminal 5 is the old Trans World Airlines terminal, also known as the TWA
Flight Center, designed by Eero Saarinen. Since TWA's buyout in 2001 by American
Airlines, it has been in disuse. In September 2008, it will become part of a new
terminal for JetBlue Airways. It will have 26 gates.
Terminal 6
NOTE: All JetBlue international arrivals are handled in Terminal 4.
Terminal 6 has 13 gates: 1-5, 7, 9-10, 12, 14, 15-17
* JetBlue Airways (Aguadilla, Aruba, Austin, Bermuda, Boston, Buffalo, Burbank,
Burlington (VT), Cancún [departures], Charlotte, Chicago-O'Hare, Denver, Fort
Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Houston-Hobby, Jacksonville (FL), Las Vegas, Long Beach,
Los Angeles [begins May 21], Nantucket [seasonal], Nassau, New Orleans, Oakland,
Ontario, Orlando, Phoenix, Pittsburgh, Ponce, Portland (ME), Portland (OR),
Puerto Plata [departures], Raleigh/Durham, Richmond, Rochester (NY), St. Maarten
[departures], Sacramento, Salt Lake City, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose
(CA), Santiago (DR) [departures], Santo Domingo [departures],
Sarasota/Bradenton, Seattle/Tacoma, Syracuse, Tampa, Tucson, Washington-Dulles,
West Palm Beach)
Terminal 7
Terminal 7 has 12 gates: 1-12
* Air Canada (Calgary, Vancouver)
* All Nippon Airways (Tokyo-Narita)
* British Airways (London-Heathrow, Manchester (UK))
o British Airways operated by OpenSkies (Brussels, Paris-Charles de Gaulle)
[begins June 2008]
* Cathay Pacific (Hong Kong, Vancouver)
* Iberia Airlines (Madrid)
* Icelandair (Reykjavík-Keflavík)
* Qantas (Sydney)++
* United Airlines (Los Angeles, San Francisco)
o United Express operated by Mesa Airlines (Washington-Dulles) [begins April 2]
o United Express operated by Shuttle America (Washington-Dulles) [ends April 1]
* US Airways (Las Vegas, Phoenix)
o US Airways Express operated by Mesa Airlines (Charlotte)
++Though Qantas's flight to/from Sydney involves a stop in Los Angeles,
passengers cannot purchase tickets to fly Qantas between New York and Los
Angeles.
Terminal 8
Terminal 8 has 25 gates: 10 gates in Councourse A (1-10), five gates in
Concourse B (20-24), and 10 gates in Concourse D (40-49)
* American Airlines (Aruba, Barcelona [begins April 24], Bermuda, Bridgetown,
Brussels, Buenos Aires-Ezeiza, Cancún, Caracas, Chicago-O'Hare, Dallas/Fort
Worth, Las Vegas, London-Heathrow, London-Stansted, Los Angeles, Miami,
Milan-Malpensa [begins May 1], Montego Bay, Orlando, Paris-Charles de Gaulle,
Port-au-Prince, Providenciales, Punta Cana, Rio de Janeiro-Galeão,
Rome-Fiumicino, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Maarten, St. Thomas, San Diego, San
Francisco, San Juan (PR), Santiago (DR), Santo Domingo, São Paulo-Guarulhos,
Seattle/Tacoma, Tampa [begins April 7], Tokyo-Narita, Zürich)
o American Eagle (Baltimore/Washington, Boston, Chicago-O'Hare, Cleveland,
Halifax, Montréal, Pittsburgh, Raleigh/Durham, St. Louis, Toronto-Pearson,
Washington-Reagan)
* Finnair (Helsinki)
* Jet Airways (Brussels, Delhi)
* Malév Hungarian Airlines (Budapest) [Resumes May 2]
New airlines and destinations
* Kingfisher Airlines (Delhi) [begins August 2008]
* Sol Airlines (La Romana) [begins June 2008]
Helicopter
US Helicopter operates regularly scheduled flights every hour between Terminal 3
and the Downtown Manhattan Heliport. Passengers travelling by helicopter pass
through a security checkpoint at the heliport, not at JFK. The flights last 8
minutes and cost $159 each way. On May 14, 2007, US Helicopter moved its
operations from Terminal 9 to Terminal 3.
Airport Information
Airport information can be obtained in several ways both before traveling to the
airport and while there. In addition to the Web site listed below, travelers may
call the airport at +1-718-244-4444.
In the immediate vicinity of the airport, parking and other information can be
obtained by tuning to a highway advisory radio station at 1630 AM. A second
station at 1700 AM provides information on traffic concerns for drivers leaving
the airport.
Kennedy Airport, along with LaGuardia and Newark airports, uses a uniform style
of signing throughout the airport properties. Yellow signs direct passengers to
airline gates, ticketing and other flight services; green signs direct
passengers to ground transportation services, and black signs lead to restrooms,
telephones and other passenger amenities.
Former New York City traffic reporter, Bernie Wagenblast provides the voice for
the airport's radio stations and the messages heard onboard AirTrain JFK and in
its stations.
Accidents
JFK has been the site of several notable air disasters.
* December 18, 1954 - a Linee Aeree Italiane Douglas DC-6 crashed on its fourth
approach attempt to land at Idlewild (the former name of JFK), after circling
for 2.5 hours. 26 of the 32 passengers on board were killed.
* December 16, 1960 - a United Airlines Douglas DC-8 collided with a TWA Super
Constellation on approach to the airport; the United jet crashed in a Brooklyn
neighborhood, the TWA plane on Staten Island, killing 127 people on board and
five on the ground.
* March 1, 1962 - American Airlines Flight 1 [1], a Boeing 707 crashed on
takeoff from Idlewild after its rudder separated from the tail. All 95
passengers and 12 crew members were killed.
* November 30, 1962 - an Eastern Air Lines Douglas DC-7 crashed into the ground
during a missed approach.
* February 8, 1965 - an Eastern Air Lines Douglas DC-7 crashed off Jones Beach
after takeoff when the pilots found themselves on an apparent collision course
with an inbound Pan Am Boeing 707 and made evasive maneuvers.
* June 24, 1975 - Eastern Air Lines Flight 66, a Boeing 727 on final approach
from New Orleans, crashed into the runway lights short of runway 22L, killing
112 passengers and crew. The cause of the crash was wind shear during a heavy
thunderstorm.
* January 25, 1990 - Avianca Flight 52, a Boeing 707-321B arriving from Bogotá
and Medellin, crashed at Cove Neck, Long Island, after a missed approach at JFK
and subsequently running out of fuel.
* July 30, 1992 - TWA Flight 843, a Lockheed L-1011 departing for San Francisco,
aborted takeoff shortly after liftoff. There were no fatalities among the 280
passengers, although the aircraft was destroyed.
* November 12, 2001 - The most recent disaster at JFK was American Airlines
Flight 587, an Airbus A300 that crashed while en route to Santo Domingo in the
Dominican Republic. During climb, the aircraft lost most of its vertical fin due
to the co-pilot's overcontrol of the rudder while encountering wake turbulence,
and crashed into the Belle Harbor neighborhood of Queens. The crash killed all
260 people on the plane and five people on the ground.
Other accidents and incidents involving JFK
* Sabena Flight 548 (1961), outbound from JFK, crashed while trying to land in
Brussels, Belgium
* Eastern Air Lines Flight 401 (1972), outbound from JFK, crashed while trying
to land in Miami, Florida
* Pan Am Flight 1736 (1977), originated from LAX and stopped at JFK, collided
with another 747 at Tenerife
* LOT Polish Airlines Flight 007 (1980), outbound from JFK, crashed while trying
to land in Warsaw, Poland
* Korean Air Lines Flight 007 (1983), originated from JFK, shot down off the
coast of Sakhalin
* Pan Am Flight 103 (1988), bound for JFK, with continued service to Detroit,
exploded over Lockerbie, Scotland
* TWA Flight 800 (1996), outbound from JFK, exploded soon after takeoff, and
crashed off the coast of Long Island and Islip
* Swissair Flight 111 (1998), outbound from JFK, crashed off the coast of Nova
Scotia
* EgyptAir Flight 990 (1999), outbound from JFK, crashed off the coast of
Nantucket
* Air France Flight 4590 (2000), a Concorde bound for JFK, crashed in Gonesse,
France
* Korean Air Flight 85 (2001), bound for JFK on September 11, was escorted by
fighter jets to Whitehorse International Airport during Operation Yellow Ribbon
on fears it may have been hijacked. This was not the case; the plane was low on
fuel, and according to a public affairs official at the airport, there was also
a communication problem with the air crew. When the plane landed, witnesses
reported that the Royal Canadian Mounted Police ordered the crew out at
gunpoint. The entire incident was a misunderstanding caused by a malfunctioning
transponder.
* On January 21, 2001, a JetBlue flight from Ontario, California, slid sideways
off the runway during landing and became stuck in heavy snow. After attempts to
taxi the aircraft back onto the runway failed, passengers were deplaned and
ferried to the terminal. During this process, the passenger tram became stuck in
heavy snow for a brief period as well.
* On June 2, 2007, federal authorities announced that four people had been
arrested in connection with an alleged terror plot to attack the JFK Airport.
FBI officials say the men, one of whom was a former air cargo employee at the
airport, planned to blow up terminal buildings and jet fuel infrastructure.
In popular culture
As one of the major international gateways in the United States, JFK possesses a
high profile in popular culture. The British Invasion began with the arrival of
The Beatles at JFK in 1964, who held their first American press conference at
the airport. Rapper Notorious B.I.G. references the airport's code name in the
song "Going Back to Cali." The theme song of the 1960s comedy TV series Car 54,
Where Are You? contained a line reading: "There's a scout troop short a child,
[Nikita] Khrushchev's due at Idlewild," referencing the airport's previous name,
Idlewild. In his one-man show Red diaper baby, Josh Kornbluth's eccentric
communist father insists on referring to JFK as the "Bay of Pigs Memorial
Airport". JFK is also mentioned in the U2 song, Angel of Harlem, as well as the
song "The City" by Joe Purdy. In the Simpsons episode "$pringfield (Or, How I
Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling)" Mr. Burns builds the
'Spruce Moose' a parody of Howard Hughes's 'Spruce Goose' airplane, which he
claims will fly from New York's Idlewild Airport to the Belgian Congo in
seventeen minutes. In the 2008 video game Grand Theft Auto IV, an airport
closely resembling JFK appears in fictional Liberty City as "Francis
International Airport".
Many films have used JFK as a setting, including:
* Auntie Mame (1958) - Mame Dennis Burnside makes reference to "Idlewild" and
"Pan American flight 100" near the end of the film.
* Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961) - In the final scene of the movie, Audrey
Hepburn as Holly Golightly is in a taxi to catch a flight to Brazil at Idlewild
Airport.
* Live and Let Die (1973)
* Dog Day Afternoon (1975)
* Zombi 2 (1979)
* Moonstruck (1987)
* Three Men and a Baby (1987)
* Big Business (1988)
* Coming to America (1988)
* Bonfire of the Vanities (1989) A complicated shot of the Concorde landing here
was documented in the book The Devil's Candy
* Goodfellas (1990) (as Idlewild Airport) which shows the 1967 Air France
Robbery and 1978 Lufthansa heist that are both unsolved major robberies
conducted at the airport.
* Quick Change (1990)
* The Wedding Banquet (1993)
* Turbulence (1997)
* Red Dwarf (1997) - The episode Tikka to Ride makes reference to an alternative
reality where Idlewild airport was not named after John F. Kennedy, owing to his
1963 assassination having failed.
* Final Destination (2000)
* Catch Me If You Can (2002)
* Kangaroo Jack (2003) (cameo appearance)
* The Terminal (2004)
* Taxi (2004)
* White Chicks (2004)
* Friends (2004) (series finale)
* School for Scoundrels (2006)
* Build It Bigger (2007)
* Bee Movie (2007) The plane carrying the roses lands at Terminal 4.
* Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of
Kazakhstan (2006)
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