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Honolulu International Airport (IATA: HNL, ICAO: PHNL, FAA LID: HNL) is the
principal aviation gateway of the City & County of Honolulu and the State of
Hawaii and is identified as one of the busiest airports in the United States. It
is located three miles (5 km) northwest of the city's central business district.
Main roads leading to the airport are Nimitz Highway and the Queen Liliuokalani
Freeway of Interstate H-1.
Honolulu International Airport serves as the principal hub of Hawaiian Airlines
and Aloha Airlines, the two largest Hawaii-based airlines, and as a focus city
for both Northwest Airlines and ATA Airlines. Both airlines offer flights
between the various airports of the Hawaiian Islands and also serve the
continental United States. Honolulu International Airport is host to major
United States and international flagship commercial carriers with direct routes
to American, Asian, and Pacific Rim destinations.
History
HNL opened in March 1927 as John Rodgers Airport, named after World War I naval
officer John Rodgers. It was funded by the territorial legislature and the
Chamber of Commerce, and was the first full airport in Hawaii: aircraft had
previously been limited to small landing strips, fields or seaplane docks. From
1939 to 1943, the adjacent Keehi Lagoon was dredged for use by seaplanes, and
the dredged soil was moved to HNL to provide more space for conventional
airplanes.
John Rodgers Airport was renamed Honolulu International Airport in 1947. Due to
its proximity to the center of the Pacific Ocean, it was historically a stop for
many transpacific flights to and from North America. By 1950, it was the
third-busiest airport in the United States in terms of aircraft operations. In
1959, Qantas began the first jet service to Honolulu as a stop on its flights
between Australia and California.
The original terminal building was demolished in 1965 and replaced by the John
Rodgers Terminal, dedicated in 1962. This terminal was expanded several times
with the addition of the Diamond Head Concourse in 1970, the Ewa Concourse in
1972 and the Central Concourse in 1980.
With the advent of ultra-long range aircraft, most transpacific flights are now
able to overfly Honolulu. As such, the airport has seen a notable decrease in
international passenger traffic over the years, particularly to Australia, the
South Pacific and southeast Asia. However, Honolulu has continued to see major
growth in the domestic market as major airlines have added frequent and even
non-stop links to large, previously unserved markets such as Phoenix, Newark,
Denver and Atlanta.
Future plans {s article or section contains information about a planned or
expected expansion of an existing airport.
It may contain information of a speculative nature and the content may change
dramatically as the construction and/or completion of the airport expansion
approaches, and as more information becomes available on it.}
On March 24, 2006, Hawaii Governor Linda Lingle unveiled a $2.3 billion
modernization program for Honolulu International Airport over a 12-year period.
The plan involves implementing short-term projects within the first five years
to improve passenger service and increase security and operational efficiencies.
These include upgrades to the passenger terminals, ticket counters, baggage
screening operations, runways and airport aprons, airport infrastructure such as
air conditioning, restroom facilities, elevators, escalators, electrical
systems, drains and sprinkler systems.
In addition, the plan incorporates improvements to comply with federal
regulations on storm water systems, runway safety, perimeter security and crash
fire safety. Long-term improvement projects include increasing the airports’
capacity and enhancing convenience and efficiency. These projects include
constructing additional gates, ramp space and passenger loading bridges,
increasing holding room capacity, and expanding public parking facilities.
Authority
Honolulu International Airport is part of a centralized state structure
governing all of the airports and seaports of Hawaiʻi. The official authority of
Honolulu International Airport is the Governor of Hawaiʻi. He or she appoints
the Director of the Hawaiʻi State Department of Transportation who has
jurisdiction over the Hawaiʻi Airports Administrator.
The Hawaiʻi Airports Administrator oversees six governing bodies: Airports
Operations Office, Airports Planning Office, Engineering Branch, Information
Technology Office, Staff Services Office, Visitor Information Program Office.
Collectively, the six bodies have authority over the four airport districts in
Hawaiʻi: Hawaiʻi District, Kauaʻi District, Maui District and the principal
Oʻahu District. Honolulu International Airport is a subordinate of the Oʻahu
District officials.
Facilities and aircraft
The airport has four major runways. The principal runway designated 8R/26L, also
known as the Reef Runway, is the world's first major runway constructed entirely
offshore. Completed in 1977, the Reef Runway is a designated alternate landing
site for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration space shuttle program
in association with Hickam Air Force Base, which shares Honolulu International
Airport's airfield operations.
In addition to the four paved runways, Honolulu International Airport has two
designated offshore runways designated 8W/26W and 4W/22W for use by seaplanes.
The entire terminal complex features twenty-four hour medical services,
restaurants, shopping centers and a business center with conference rooms for
private use. Passengers have the option of using various short-term and
long-term parking structures on the grounds of Honolulu International Airport.
For the 12-month period ending December 8, 2006, the airport had 323,726
aircraft operations, an average of 886 per day: 55% scheduled commercial, 26%
general aviation, 15% air taxi and 5% military. There are 206 aircraft based at
this airport: 48% single-engine, 27% multi-engine, 16% military, 6% helicopter
and 3% jet.
Airlines, terminals and destinations
Honolulu International Airport has three terminal buildings. A fleet of Chance
RT-52 buses provide interterminal transportation between the ticket counters of
all three terminals and between the concourses in the Interisland and Main
terminals. The buses, known as "Wiki Wiki" buses (from the Hawaiian word for
"fast"), are the namesake for the WikiWikiWeb, and by extension, Wikipedia.
Commuter Terminal (Gates 71-80)
The Commuter Terminal serves smaller airlines which operate flights between both
the smaller and major commercial airports in the island chain. go! uses gates
71-74, Island Air uses gates 75-77, go! Express uses gate 79, and Pacific Wings
uses gate 80. Gate 78 is currently unassigned.
Lobby 1
* Island Air (Kapalua, Lanaʻi, Molokaʻi)
* Mesa Airlines
o go! operated by Mesa Airlines (Hilo, Kahului, Kona, Lihue)
+ go!Express operated by Mokulele Airlines (Kapalua, Molokaʻi, Lanaʻi, Kahului,
Kona)
* Mokulele Airlines (Kapalua, Lanaʻi)
* Pacific Wings (Hana, Kahului, Kalaupapa, Kamuela/Waimea, Molokaʻi)
Interisland Terminal (Gates 49-64)
Honolulu International Airport's Inter-island terminal.
Honolulu International Airport's Inter-island terminal.
The Interisland Terminal mainly serves the interisland flights of Hawaiian
Airlines and Aloha Airlines. It is designed to handle flights of jet aircraft
between the major commercial airports in the Hawaiian Islands, and is also used
by Aloha for flights to the west coast of the United States mainland. Aloha uses
gates 49-55, and Hawaiian uses gates 55-61.
Lobby 2
* Hawaiian Airlines (Hilo, Kahului, Kona, Las Vegas, Lihue, Los Angeles, Manila
[begins April 14], Pago Pago, Papeete, Phoenix, Portland (OR), Sacramento, San
Diego, San Francisco, San Jose (CA), Seattle/Tacoma, Sydney)
Lobby 3
* Aloha Airlines (Hilo, Kahului, Lihue, Kona, Oakland, Orange County)
Main Overseas Terminal (Gates 6-34)
The Main Overseas Terminal serves U.S domestic and international destinations.
All boarding gates in the Main Overseas Terminal at Honolulu International are
common use, shared among all airlines, and may change daily as the need arises.
No gates are assigned to any airline, although several legacy US-based and/or
dominant carriers that fly into and out of HNL commonly use the following gates:
* Alaska Airlines (Gates 20-24)
* American Airlines (Gates 16-20)
* ATA Airlines (Gates 14-23)
* Continental Airlines (Domestic and International) (Gates 12-16, 23-25)
* Delta Airlines (Gates 20-23)
* Hawaiian Airlines (Domestic and International) (Gates 20-34)
* Northwest Airlines (Domestic and International) (Gates 10-17)
* United Airlines (Domestic and International) (Gates 6-11)
Most international flights on airlines not listed above arrive and depart from
the Ewa Concourse (Gates 26-34), which is closest to the International Arrivals
Building. On February 5, 2007, the Hawaii State Department of Transportation
announced a plan to construct a $45 million international arrivals corridor to
connect the third floor of the Ewa Concourse directly to the International
Arrivals Building and the rest of the airport. Construction began in November
2007 and is expected to take one year.
Lobby 4
* Air Canada (Vancouver)
* Air New Zealand (Auckland)
* Air Pacific (Kiritimati, Nadi, Vancouver)
* Alaska Airlines (Anchorage, Seattle/Tacoma)
* All Nippon Airways
o Air Japan (Tokyo-Narita)
* Delta Air Lines (Atlanta, Los Angeles, Salt Lake City)
* Korean Air (Seoul-Incheon)
* Philippine Airlines (Manila)
* Qantas (Sydney)
o Jetstar Airways (Sydney)
* WestJet (Vancouver)
Lobby 5
* Japan Airlines
o Japan Airlines (charter destinations: Asahikawa, Fukuoka, Hiroshima, Kumamoto,
Memanbetsu, Niigata, Sapporo-Chitose, Sendai, Takamatsu, Toyama)
o JALways (Nagoya-Centrair, Osaka-Kansai, Tokyo-Narita)
Lobby 6
* ATA Airlines (Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Oakland, Phoenix)
* China Airlines (Taipei-Taiwan Taoyuan, Tokyo-Narita)
* Omni Air International (Las Vegas)
* US Airways (Phoenix)
Lobby 7
* American Airlines (Chicago-O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Los Angeles, San
Francisco)
* Continental Airlines (Houston-Intercontinental, Los Angeles, Newark)
o Continental Airlines operated by Continental Micronesia (Chuuk, Guam, Kosrae,
Kwajalein, Majuro, Nagoya-Centrair [ends March 31], Pohnpei)
* Northwest Airlines (Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi [begins May 31], Los Angeles,
Minneapolis/St. Paul, Osaka-Kansai, Portland (OR), San Francisco,
Seattle/Tacoma, Tokyo-Narita)
Lobby 8
* United Airlines (Chicago-O'Hare, Denver, Los Angeles, San Diego [seasonal],
San Francisco, Seattle/Tacoma [seasonal], Tokyo-Narita)
Incidents
There have been four major air traffic incidents that caused air traffic
controllers and federal emergency officials at Honolulu International Airport to
be placed on emergency alert. All four resulted in fatalities, and one involved
a global terrorist plot that some consider a precursor to the September 11, 2001
attacks on the United States.
* A bomb exploded aboard Pan Am Flight 830 as it was preparing to approach
Honolulu International Airport from Tokyo on August 11, 1982. One teenager was
killed and 15 others were injured. The aircraft did not disintegrate, and made a
safe emergency landing in Honolulu.
* Aloha Airlines Flight 243, flying from Hilo to Honolulu International Airport
on April 28, 1988, experienced a rapid decompression. An 18 feet (5 m) section
of the fuselage roof and sides were torn from the airplane, due to metal
fatigue. Out of the 89 passengers and 6 crew members, the only fatality was a
flight attendant blown out of the airplane. Several passengers sustained
life-threatening injuries. The aircraft diverted to Kahului Airport.
* United Airlines Flight 811, a Boeing 747 carrying 3 flight crew, 15 cabin crew
and 337 passengers from Honolulu to Auckland on February 24, 1989, suffered
rapid decompression when a cargo door separated from the aircraft after takeoff
from the Reef Runway. Nine passengers were swept from the aircraft and lost at
sea. The plane returned to Honolulu.
* Oplan Bojinka, an al-Qaeda plot discovered by US and Filipino intelligence
authorities after a fire on an American carrier at Ninoy Aquino International
Airport in Manila, included in its first phase the planned explosion of several
flights inbound to, or outbound from, Honolulu on January 21, 1995.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
