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Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport
Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport (IATA: DFW, ICAO: KDFW, FAA LID: DFW) is
located between the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth, and is the busiest airport
in the U.S. state of Texas.
In terms of aircraft movements, it is the third busiest airport in the world. In
terms of passenger traffic, it is the sixth busiest airport in the world
transporting 60,079,107 passengers in 2006. In terms of land area, at 18,076
acres (73.2 km²), it is the largest airport in Texas, the second largest in the
United States, behind Denver International Airport, and fourth largest in the
world. It is the tenth busiest international gateway in the United States,
behind Honolulu International Airport. The airport was recently named as "The
Best Cargo Airport in the World" according to the second edition of a survey.
The airport, within the incorporated cities of Euless, Grapevine, and Irving,
serves 135 domestic destinations and 39 international, and is the largest and
main hub for American Airlines (800 daily departures), and also the largest hub
for American Eagle. Eighty four percent of all flights at Dallas/Fort Worth are
operated by American Airlines. Delta Air Lines closed its Dallas/Fort Worth hub
in February 2005 in an effort to cut costs. The airline shrank operations from
256 daily nonstop flights to 21.
The airport is often referred to by its IATA airport code, "DFW." It is operated
in many ways like a small city. It has its own post office, ZIP Code, and Public
Services. The United States Postal Service gave the airport its own city
designation, DFW Airport, TX. The members of the airport's Board of Directors
are appointed by the "owner cities" of Dallas and Fort Worth. The airport is
inside the city limits of three other suburban cities, a situation that has led
to legal battles over jurisdiction (see below). To help ensure future harmony
with its neighbors, the DFW Airport Board includes a non-voting member — a
representative chosen from the airport's neighbors (Irving, Euless, Grapevine,
and Coppell) on a rotating basis.
DFW is connected by shuttle bus to a commuter rail station just south of the
airport. The Trinity Railway Express line serves both downtown Dallas and
downtown Fort Worth.
History
As early as 1927, before the area had an airport, Dallas proposed a joint
airport with Fort Worth. Fort Worth declined the offer, and thus the two cities
opened their own airports, Love Field and Meacham Field. Both airports had
scheduled airline service.
In 1940, the Civil Aeronautics Administration earmarked $1.9 million for the
construction of a Dallas-Fort Worth regional airport. American Airlines and
Braniff Airways struck a deal with the city of Arlington to build an airport
there, but the governments of Dallas and Fort Worth disagreed over its
construction, and the project was abandoned in 1943. After World War II, Fort
Worth annexed the site and developed it into Amon Carter Field with the help of
American Airlines. Fort Worth transferred its commercial flights from Meacham
Field to the new airport in 1953, which was now just 12 miles from Dallas Love
Field. In 1960, Fort Worth purchased Amon Carter Field and renamed it Greater
Southwest International Airport (GSW) in an attempt to compete with Dallas' more
successful airport. However, GSW's traffic continued to decline relative to Love
Field. By the mid-1960s, Fort Worth was getting 1% of Texas air traffic while
Dallas was getting 49%, which led to the virtual abandonment of GSW.
The joint airport proposal was revisited in 1961 after the FAA refused to invest
any more money in separate Dallas and Fort Worth airports. Although the Fort
Worth airport was eventually abandoned, Dallas Love Field became congested and
had no more room to expand. Following an order from the federal government in
1964 that they would unilaterally choose a site if both cities could not come to
an agreement on a site, officials from the two cities finally agreed on a
location for a new regional airport that was north of the abandoned GSW and
almost perfectly equidistant from the two city centers. The land was purchased
by both cities in 1966, and construction began in 1969.
The first landing of a supersonic BAC/Sud (now BAE Systems and Aerospatiale)
Concorde in the United States occurred at DFW Airport in 1973 to commemorate the
airport's completion. Concorde later served DFW in a cooperative agreement
between Braniff Airways, British Airways, and Air France, before the demise of
Braniff ended the service.
DFW Airport opened for commercial service on January 13, 1974. The original name
was Dallas Fort Worth Regional Airport. The name change to Dallas Fort Worth
International Airport did not occur until 1985. At the time, it was the largest
and costliest airport in the world. Following the Wright Amendment of 1979,
which banned long-distance flights from Love Field, DFW became the only airport
in the metropolitan area to offer long-haul commercial air passenger service on
aircraft with more than 56 passenger seats. Also in 1979, American Airlines
moved its headquarters from New York to Fort Worth (adjacent to DFW on the
former site of GSW). American began its first hub at DFW in 1981, started
flights to London in 1982, and started flights to Tokyo in 1987. Delta Air Lines
built up a domestic hub at DFW during the same period, but announced its closure
in 2004 in a restructuring of the airline in an attempt to avoid bankruptcy.
Today, Delta only flies from DFW to its four hubs.
After the closing of Delta's hub in 2005, DFW Airport offered incentives to
Southwest Airlines to relocate its hub to DFW from Love Field. Southwest, as in
the past, declined the offer, opting to remain at Love Field.
In 1989, the airport authority announced plans to rebuild the existing terminals
and construct two new runways. After an environmental impact study was released
the following year, the cities of Irving, Euless, and Grapevine sued the airport
over its expansion plans, a battle that was finally decided (in favor of the
airport) by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1994. The seventh runway opened in 1996.
The four primary North-South runways (those closest to the terminals) were all
lengthened from 11,388 ft (3471 m) to their current length of 13,400 ft (4084
m). The first of these, 17R/35L, was extended in 1996 (at the same time the new
runway was constructed), and the other three (17C/35C, 18L/36R, and 18R/36L)
were extended in 2005. DFW is now the only airport in the world with four
serviceable paved runways longer than 4000 m.
A new international terminal (Terminal D) opened in July 2005.
A new people mover system, named Skylink, opened in Spring of 2005 and is the
world's largest high-speed airport train system. Totally automated, Skylink
trains run every few minutes and travel at speeds up to 35-37 mph. Skylink is
double tracked, permitting bi-directional operations. The Skylink system was
acquired from Bombardier Transportation and has been well-received by
passengers. Skylink replaced the original Airtrans system (part of which was
later operated as American Airlines' TrAAin system), which was notoriously slow
and uni-directional (though it was a state-of-the-art automated system when the
airport opened).
Disasters at DFW
* On the afternoon of August 2, 1985, Delta Air Lines Flight 191, a Lockheed
L-1011 on a Fort Lauderdale-Dallas/Fort Worth-Los Angeles route, crashed at DFW
Airport, killing 8 of 11 crew members, and 128 of the 152 passengers on board,
as well as 1 person on the ground.
* On August 31, 1988, Delta Air Lines Flight 1141, a Boeing 727 which was bound
to Salt Lake City International Airport in Salt Lake City, Utah, crashed after
takeoff from Dallas/Fort Worth Airport, killing 2 of 7 crew members, and 12 of
101 passengers on board.
Disasters involving flights with a DFW connection
* On June 2, 1983, Air Canada Flight 797, which was flying on a Dallas/Fort
Worth-Toronto-Montreal route, made an emergency landing at Cincinnati/Northern
Kentucky International Airport in Kentucky; 23 of the 46 people on board were
killed by either smoke inhalation or flash fire.
* On June 1, 1999, American Airlines Flight 1420 crashed upon landing at Little
Rock National Airport at Little Rock, Arkansas on a flight from Dallas/Fort
Worth, killing the pilot and 10 of the 139 passengers.
Incidents involving DFW
* On December 20, 2007, American Airlines Flight 1538, an MD-80 flying from
Dallas/Fort Worth to Orlando International Airport, had to return to Dallas/Fort
Worth after the plane suffered an unexpected drop in altitude following a
turbine failure in one of the two engines. None of the crew or 115 passengers
were injured.
Terminals, airlines and destinations
Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport has five terminals. The airport is
designed with expansion in mind, and can theoretically accommodate up to
thirteen terminals totaling 260 gates, although this level of expansion is
unlikely to be reached in the foreseeable future.
The terminals at DFW are semicircular (except for the newest terminal, Terminal
D, which is a "square U" shape) and built around the airport's central
north-south arterial road, Spur 97, also known as "International Parkway." Until
the late 1990s, they were designated by a number (2 being northernmost, 4 being
southernmost) and a letter suffix ("E" for East, "W" for West). This system was
later scrapped, and the terminals are now lettered from A to E. Terminals A, C,
and E (from north to south) are on the east side of the airport, while Terminals
B and D (from north to south) are on the west side.
DFW's terminals are designed to minimize the distance between a passenger's car
and airplane as well as reduce traffic around terminals. A consequence of this
layout is that connecting passengers had to walk extremely long distances
between gates (in order to walk from one end of the semicircular concourse to
the other, one must walk the entire length; there were no shortcuts between the
ends). Since DFW is American Airlines' largest hub, this has caused problems.
The original people mover train (opened with the airport, but notoriously slow
and uni-directional) was replaced by SkyLink in April 2005, which serves all
five terminals at a considerably higher speed and is bi-directional.
Terminal A - American Airlines
American Airlines and its regional affiliate American Eagle have a large
presence at Dallas/Fort Worth. The world's largest airline, in terms of
passengers transported, operates its largest hub at DFW. The two airlines
operate at four of the five terminals at the airport. Terminal A, previously
called "Terminal 2E" when the airport was first opened, is fully occupied by
American Airlines for domestic flights. Prior to the opening of Terminal D,
Terminal A operated most of AA's international flights at the airport. During
the late 1990s, a significant number of American Eagle flights moved to Terminal
B. Also in the late 1990s, American Eagle built a Satellite Terminal (Named
Satellite Terminal A2) due to the lack of aircraft gates. It was located near
Terminal A and was only accessible via shuttle buses. Satellite Terminal A2
(Gates A2A-A2N) was abandoned in 2005 when American Eagle moved all operations
to Terminals B and D.
* American Airlines (Albuquerque, Anchorage [seasonal], Atlanta, Austin,
Baltimore/Washington, Baton Rouge [seasonal], Birmingham (AL), Boston, Burbank,
Charlotte, Chicago-O'Hare, Colorado Springs, Columbus, Dayton, Denver, Detroit,
Eagle/Vail, El Paso, Fayetteville (AR), Fresno, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers,
Greensboro, Gunnison [seasonal], Hartford/Springfield, Hayden/Steamboat Springs
[seasonal], Houston-Intercontinental, Huntsville, Indianapolis, Jackson Hole
[seasonal], Jacksonville, Kansas City, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Louisville,
McAllen, Memphis, Miami, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Mobile, Montrose [seasonal],
Nashville, New Orleans, New York-JFK, New York-LaGuardia, Newark, Norfolk,
Oakland, Oklahoma City, Omaha, Ontario (CA), Orange County, Orlando, Palm
Springs, Pensacola, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Portland (OR), Raleigh/Durham,
Reno/Tahoe, Richmond, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San
Francisco, San Jose (CA), San Juan (PR), Seattle/Tacoma, St. Louis, Tampa Bay,
Tucson, Tulsa, Washington-Dulles, Washington-Reagan, West Palm Beach, Wichita)
Terminal B
This terminal was originally called "Terminal 2W" when the airport first opened.
American Eagle occupies 16 gates at Terminal B. United Airlines is the only
other airline that occupies the terminal as America West, Mesa Airlines, Midwest
Airlines and US Airways relocated to Terminal E in July of 2006. Terminal B is
the former Braniff Terminal. Prior to the opening of Terminal D, all non-AA
international flights operated from this terminal.
* American Airlines
o American Eagle (Abilene, Alexandria, Amarillo, Baton Rouge, Cedar Rapids,
Champaign/Urbana, Charleston (SC), Charlotte, Chattanooga, Cincinnati/Northern
Kentucky, Cleveland, College Station, Columbia (SC), Columbus, Corpus Christi,
Dayton, Des Moines, Detroit, Evansville, Fayetteville (AR), Flint, Fort Smith,
Fort Walton Beach, Fort Wayne, Grand Junction [begins April 7], Grand Rapids,
Greensboro, Greenville (SC), Gulfport/Biloxi, Harrisburg, Houston-Hobby,
Houston-Intercontinental, Jackson, Killeen, Knoxville, Lafayette, Laredo,
Lawton, Lexington, Little Rock, Longview, Louisville, Lubbock, Madison,
McAllen/Mission, Memphis, Midland-Odessa, Milwaukee, Minneapolis/St. Paul,
Moline/Quad Cities, Monroe (LA), Montrose [seasonal], Oklahoma City, Peoria,
Pittsburgh, Rochester (NY), Roswell, San Angelo, Santa Barbara, Santa Fe
[postponed], Savannah, Shreveport, Springfield (MO), Syracuse, Texarkana, Tulsa,
Tyler, Waco, Wichita, Wichita Falls)
* United Airlines (Chicago-O'Hare, Denver, San Francisco, Washington-Dulles)
o United Express operated by Shuttle America (Chicago-O'Hare, Denver)
o United Express operated by SkyWest (Los Angeles)
Terminal C - American Airlines
American Airlines operates all the gates at Terminal C, originally called
"Terminal 3E" for only domestic flights.
* American Airlines (See Terminal A)
International Terminal D
International Terminal D designed by HKS, HNTB and Corgan Associates, opened in
July 2005. The new terminal is a 2,000,000 sq ft (186,000 m²) facility capable
of handling 32,000 passengers daily or 11.7 million passengers annually, with 28
gates and an integrated 298-room Hyatt Hotel. The terminal features 200
ticketing positions and a federal inspection facility capable of processing
2,800 passengers per hour. The concession areas consist of 100,000 sq ft (9,290
m²) of retail, including many dining and retail options.
The new eight-level parking garage has over 8,100 parking spaces and uses a
Smart Technology System that lets guests know which floors are full.
Air-conditioned skybridges with moving walkways and elevators connect the garage
to the terminal, and an arrivals canopy roof shields pedestrians from inclement
weather as they enter and exit the terminal.
* Air Canada (Toronto-Pearson)
* American Airlines (International) (Some domestic flights (see Terminal A))
(Acapulco [seasonal], Belize City, Buenos Aires-Ezeiza, Budapest, Cabo San
Lucas, Calgary, Cancún, Caracas, Cozumel, Frankfurt, Guadalajara, Guatemala
City, Honolulu, Ixtapa/Zihuatanejo [seasonal], Kahului, León, Liberia
[seasonal], London-Gatwick, London-Heathrow [begins March 30], Mexico City,
Montego Bay [seasonal], Monterrey, Montréal, Nassau, Panama City, Paris-Charles
de Gaulle, Providenciales, Puerto Vallarta, San José (CR), San Juan (PR), San
Salvador [begins April 7], Santiago, São Paulo-Guarulhos, Tokyo-Narita,
Toronto-Pearson, Vancouver, Vienna)
o American Eagle (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Guadalajara, León, Monterrey,
Nassau, San Luis Potosí, Tampico [begins April 7], Torreón)
* British Airways (London-Gatwick [ends March 28], London-Heathrow [begins March
29])
* Champion Air (Cancún, Cozumel, Las Vegas, Montego Bay, Puerto Vallarta)
[charters]
* KLM (Amsterdam) [begins March 30]
* Korean Air (Seoul-Incheon)
* Lufthansa (Frankfurt)
* Mexicana (Mexico City)
* Sun Country Airlines (Anchorage [seasonal], Cancún, Cozumel [seasonal],
Laughlin [seasonal], Minneapolis/St. Paul, Montego Bay [seasonal], Puerto
Vallarta [seasonal])
* TACA (San Salvador)
Terminal E
Terminal E, originally called Terminal 4E, was occupied primarily by Delta Air
Lines until Delta closed its hub in 2005 and retained only flights to its other
hubs. Terminal E is distinctive in that it has a satellite terminal connected by
an underground walkway. The satellite, previously used by Delta and later used
by Delta Connection carriers, is currently unused. Terminal E is also connected
to the other terminals only by the Skylink train and, unlike the other
terminals, does not have a walkway connecting to the other terminals.
Terminal E had customs facilities that were used when Delta operated flights to
Frankfurt in the early 1990s. In the 2000s, Skyteam partner airlines Continental
and Northwest moved to gates adjacent to Delta. Currently, airlines serving
Terminal E include:
* AirTran Airways (Atlanta, Orlando)
* Alaska Airlines (Seattle/Tacoma)
* ATA Airlines (Chicago-Midway)
* Continental Airlines (Cleveland, Houston-Intercontinental, Newark)
o Continental Express operated by ExpressJet Airlines (Cleveland,
Houston-Intercontinental)
* Delta Air Lines (Atlanta, Salt Lake City)
o Delta Connection operated by Atlantic Southeast Airlines (Atlanta)
o Delta Connection operated by Comair (Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky, New York-JFK)
o Delta Connection operated by Freedom Airlines (New York-JFK)
o Delta Connection operated by SkyWest (Salt Lake City)
* Frontier Airlines (Denver, Mazatlán [seasonal; ends April 13])
* Mesa Airlines
o Mesa Airlines operated by Air Midwest (El Dorado, Hot Springs)
* Midwest Airlines (Milwaukee)
* Northwest Airlines (Detroit, Memphis, Minneapolis/St. Paul)
o Northwest Airlink operated by Compass Airlines (Minneapolis/St. Paul)
o Northwest Airlink operated by Mesaba Airlines (Minneapolis/St. Paul)
o Northwest Airlink operated by Pinnacle Airlines (Memphis, Minneapolis/St.
Paul)
* Southern Skyways (Victoria (TX)) [begins April 7]
* US Airways (Charlotte, Las Vegas, Philadelphia, Phoenix)
o US Airways Express operated by Mesa Airlines (Phoenix)
o US Airways Express operated by Republic Airlines (Philadelphia,
Washington-Reagan)
Cargo
Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport handles sixty percent of all air cargo
in Texas. Asia and Europe account for over 75% of the cargo at the 25th busiest
cargo airport in the world.
In a recent survey by Air Cargo World, Dallas/Fort Worth ranked as "The Best
Cargo Airport in the World". Frankfurt International Airport came in second,
while Hong Kong International Airport and the world's busiest cargo airport,
Memphis International Airport, tied for third.
Trade data
* Asia 48%
* Europe 34%
* Latin America 9%
* Middle East 3%
* Indian subcontinent 2%
* Oceania 2%
* Africa 1%
* Rest of World 1%
Cargo carriers
* Air China Cargo (Beijing)
* Air Transport International
* Air France Cargo (Paris-Charles de Gaulle)
* Alpine Air Express
* Ameriflight
* Caribbean Transport Services
* Cathay Pacific Cargo (Hong Kong)
* China Cargo (Taipei-Taiwan Taoyuan)
* DHL
* Emery Worldwide
* Estafeta
* EVA Air Cargo (Taipei-Taiwan Taoyuan)
* FedEx Express
* JALCARGO (Tokyo-Narita)
* Kitty Hawk
* Korean Air Cargo (Anchorage, Miami, Seoul-Incheon)
* Lufthansa Cargo (Frankfurt)
* Singapore Airlines Cargo (Singapore)
* Tradewinds Airlines (Aguadilla)
* UPS
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