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Boston Logan International Airport
General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport (IATA: BOS, ICAO: KBOS, FAA
LID: BOS) in the East Boston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United
States (and partly in the Town of Winthrop, Massachusetts), is one of the 20
busiest airports in the U.S., with over 27 million passengers a year. The
airport serves as a focus city for American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, US
Airways, and JetBlue Airways.
It covers 2,400 acres (10 km²), has six runways, and employs an estimated 16,000
people. The airport has service to destinations in the United States, as well as
Canada, the Cape Verde Islands, the Caribbean, Europe, and Mexico. The
distinctive central control tower, nearly a dozen stories high, is a local
landmark with its pair of segmented elliptical pylons and a six-story platform
trussed between them.
Boston Logan Airport is the 7th busiest airport in the USA based on
international traffic, ranking ahead of Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International
Airport and behind San Francisco International Airport. In 2005, it handled
6,978,780 international passengers.
History
Originally called Boston Airport, Logan opened on September 8, 1923, and was
used primarily by the Massachusetts Air Guard and the Army Air Corps. At that
time, it was known as Jeffery Field. The first scheduled commercial passenger
flights were initiated by Colonial Air Transport between Boston and New York
City in 1927.
The airport has expanded over the years, including the addition of 1,800 acres
(7 km²) built on landfill in Boston Harbor and the incorporation of the former
Governors and Apple Islands. As a consequence the airport is almost entirely
surrounded by water. In 1952, the airport became the first in the United States
with an indirect rapid transit connection. In 1956, the state renamed the
airport as General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport after a
Spanish-American War hero from South Boston.
The era of the jumbo jet began at Logan during the summer of 1970 when Pan Am
inaugurated daily Boeing 747 service to London Heathrow Airport. Non-stop
flights to London now are scheduled by British Airways, American Airlines, and
Virgin Atlantic.
When Terminal E opened in 1974 it was the second largest international arrivals
facility in the United States. Since that time the number of international
travelers using Logan has tripled. International long-haul travel has been the
fastest growing market sector at Logan and has led the Massachusetts Port
Authority (Massport) to embark on a major airport renewal project. The
international terminal at Logan has been completely modified and upgraded into
an elegant and impressive facility in recent years. Terminal E is a common-use
facility, meaning all ticket counters and gates are shared among the
international carriers.
To address Logan Airport's overcrowding Massport has designated
Manchester-Boston Regional Airport in Manchester, New Hampshire and T. F. Green
Airport in Providence, Rhode Island as the second and third airports of Boston.
For a time Massport also operated the scheduled flights at Hanscom Field (BED)
in Bedford, Massachusetts and Worcester Regional Airport in Worcester.
Massport's relationship with neighboring communities has been highly strained
since the mid-1960s, when the agency took control (some say illegally) of a
significant parcel of residential land and popular fishing area adjacent to the
northwest side of the airfield. This project was undertaken to extend Runway
15R/33L, which would later become Logan's longest runway. Residents of the
affected neighborhood, known as Wood Island, were bought out of their homes and
forced to relocate. Public opposition came to a head when hoards of residents
lay down in the streets in an attempt to block bulldozers and supply trucks from
reaching the intended construction zone.
Many area residents who were old enough at the time still harbor intense
nostalgia for the former Wood Island Park, and this issue remains a primary
source of the enmity that exists towards Massport.
A November 2006 issue of the Winthrop Transcript featured a front-page article
about the operations of air traffic control at Logan. The article described the
inside of the Logan tower as being approximately the size of a master bedroom
and staffed by eight controllers. In one corner of the room, next to a coffee
pot and Danish tray, were strategically-placed large bottles of antacids.
TRACON for Logan Airport is handled at a facility in Merrimack, New Hampshire,
which opened in 2004 and serves most of New England's airspace.
In March 2007, the Boston Herald revealed that Massachusetts State Police
personnel were the beneficiaries of a hidden perk that authorized a $40 daily
stipend for troopers who commuted to work using their own vehicles, despite a
sufficient inventory of take-home cruisers. Although the policy, upon public
disclosure, was immediately eliminated for troopers patrolling the Massachusetts
Turnpike, sources claim that a similar perk still remains in place for troopers
stationed at Logan. Massport has thus far refused to confirm or deny this.
Construction has been completed on an additional runway, 14-32. This runway was
first proposed in 1973, but had been delayed by court action.
A scene from the 2006 film The Departed was filmed on location at Logan, inside
the connector bridge between Terminal E and the Central Parking Garage.
Parts of the recent Delta Air Lines 2007 "Anthem" commercial were filmed inside
Terminal A as well as the connector bridge between Terminal A and Central
Parking.
In 2009, the airport was hopeful they would see their first non-stop, round-trip
passenger flights to Asia, with Hainan Airlines service to China. However,
Hainan Airlines was not awarded flights to Boston in the 2008-2009 U.S.-China
route allocations, and such flights will not be possible until 2010, at the
earliest. Logan last had service to Asia in July 2001, when Korean Air
discontinued service to Seoul, Korea, which operated with a stop in Washington,
D.C.
Facilities and aircraft
Logan International Airport covers an area of 2,384 acres (10 km²) which
contains six runways:
* Runway 4L/22R: 7,861 x 150 ft (2,396 x 46 m), Surface: Asphalt
* Runway 4R/22L: 10,005 x 150 ft (3,050 x 46 m), Surface: Asphalt
* Runway 9/27: 7,000 x 150 ft (2,134 x 46 m), Surface: Asphalt
* Runway 14/32: 5,000 x 100 ft (1,524 x 30 m), Surface: Asphalt
* Runway 15L/33R: 2,557 x 100 ft (779 x 30 m), Surface: Asphalt
* Runway 15R/33L: 10,083 x 150 ft (3,073 x 46 m), Surface: Asphalt
For 12-month period ending September 30, 2006, the airport had 409,066 aircraft
operations, an average of 1,120 per day: 60% scheduled commercial, 32% air taxi
and 8% general aviation.
New runway opens
On November 23, 2006, Runway 14-32 officially opened to air traffic, Logan's
first major runway addition in more than forty years. The new runway is
unidirectional, with 32 used for landings and 14 for takeoffs. Massport is
barred by a court order from using the runway for overland landings or takeoffs,
except in emergencies.
Opposition to the construction of 14-32 had been fierce even among residents of
nearby communities such as Winthrop and Revere, two areas which — by all
accounts — were supposed to benefit from a reduction in noise levels once the
new runway opened up. With construction now having been completed, more
wrangling has erupted over guidelines governing use of the new airstrip. Local
communities are aggressively pushing for a minimum runway-use threshold of
11.5-knot northwest winds, slightly higher than the 10-knot threshold espoused
by Massport. There has also been heated debate over a recent FAA proposal to
lower the decision height for pilots.
The new runway reduces the need for the existing Runway 15L-33R, which, at only
2,557 feet (779 m) long, represents what is perhaps the shortest hard-surface
runway at any major airport in the United States. In 1988, Massport had proposed
an 800-foot (240 m) extension to this airstrip (a project which would have
required additional filling-in of land along an important clam bed), but was
thwarted by a court injunction.
Boston's Hyatt Harborside Hotel, which sits only a few hundred yards from the
runway threshold, was built primarily to prevent Massport from ever extending
14-32 or using it for takeoffs or landings over the city. Massachusetts
lawmakers carefully chose the location of the hotel--directly in the runway
centerline--prior to its construction in 1992.
According to Massport records, the very first aircraft to use the new airstrip
was a Continental Express ERJ 145 regional jet landing on Runway 32, on the
morning of December 2, 2006.
Centerfield taxiway
In April 2007, the FAA issued a green light for construction of a new center
field taxiway long-sought by Massport to alleviate airfield congestion. The
proposed 9,300-foot (2,830 m) taxiway will be located directly between, and
parallel to, Runways 4R-22L and 4L-22R. News of the project receiving FAA
approval has stirred up predictable outrage among Logan's neighboring residents.
FBOs
The airport is served by several Fixed Base Operators (FBO), which handle
fueling, ground handling, aircraft cleaning, cargo service, and aircraft
maintenance. They include Swissport USA and Penauille Servisair. General
aviation, which is adjacent to the North Cargo area, is handled by Signature
Flight Support.
Terminals, airlines, and destinations
Logan International Airport has four terminals, all connected by shuttle buses
and walkways. Moving walkways also connect the terminals to a central parking
garage. Terminals A, C and E have their own buildings, B is split into north and
south. Only Terminal E has U.S. Customs and Immigration services, so all
international flights arrive here, except for those coming from locations with
U.S. customs preclearance. On February 28, 2006, the Terminal D gates were
renumbered and labeled as part of Terminal C. The airport planned to rename the
International Terminal E to Terminal D in 2007.
Terminal A
Logan's newly built Terminal A, which replaced a previous building that was once
occupied by Eastern Airlines, opened to passengers on March 16, 2005. The
building is the first airport terminal in the United States to be LEED certified
for environmentally friendly design by the U.S. Green Building Council. Among
the building's features are heat-reflecting roof and windows, low-flow faucets
and waterless urinals, self-dimming lights, and storm water filtration. The 22
gates in Terminal A increase the number of gates at Logan to 102.
* Continental Airlines (Cleveland, Houston-Intercontinental, Newark)
o Continental Express operated by Chautauqua Airlines (Cleveland)
o Continental Express operated by ExpressJet Airlines (Cleveland, Newark)
* Delta Air Lines (Atlanta, Bermuda, Cancún, Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky, Fort
Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, New York-JFK, Orlando, Salt Lake
City, Sarasota/Bradenton [seasonal], Tampa, West Palm Beach)
o Delta Connection operated by Atlantic Southeast Airlines (Washington-Reagan)
o Delta Connection operated by Chautauqua Airlines (Columbus, Norfolk/Virginia
Beach, Raleigh/Durham, Savannah)
o Delta Connection operated by Comair (Baltimore/Washington, Bangor, Charleston
(SC), Charlottetown [seasonal; begins June 13], Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky,
Columbus, Greensboro, Halifax, Jacksonville, Louisville, Myrtle Beach [seasonal;
begins June 14], Nashville [resumes March 2], New Orleans [ends September 6],
New York-JFK, Norfolk/Virginia Beach, Philadelphia, Quebec City [seasonal;
begins June 13], Raleigh/Durham, Savannah/Hilton Head Island, Washington-Reagan)
o Delta Connection operated by Freedom Airlines (Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky,
Charleston (SC), Greensboro, Raleigh/Durham)
o Delta Shuttle operated by Delta Air Lines (New York-LaGuardia)
Terminal B
North Pier
* American Airlines (Aruba [seasonal], Chicago-O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth,
London-Heathrow, Los Angeles, Miami, Paris-Charles de Gaulle [seasonal],
Providenciales [seasonal], San Diego, San Francisco, San Juan (PR), Santo
Domingo, St. Louis, St. Thomas [seasonal])
o American Eagle (Columbus (OH), New York-JFK, New York-LaGuardia,
Raleigh/Durham, Toronto-Pearson, Washington-Reagan)
South Pier
* Air Canada (Montréal, Toronto-Pearson)
o Air Canada Jazz (Halifax, Montréal, Ottawa, Toronto-Pearson)
* Alaska Airlines (Portland (OR), Seattle/Tacoma)
* Spirit Airlines (Fort Lauderdale [begins April 17], Myrtle Beach)
* US Airways (Aruba, Bermuda, Cancún, Charlotte, Grand Cayman, Las Vegas,
Montego Bay, Nassau [seasonal], Philadelphia, Phoenix, Punta Cana [seasonal],
San Juan (PR))
o US Airways Express operated by Air Wisconsin (Buffalo, Charlotte,
Indianapolis, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Richmond, Rochester (NY))
o US Airways Express operated by Chautauqua Airlines (Philadelphia, Richmond)
o US Airways Express operated by Colgan Air (Albany, Augusta, Bar Harbor,
Hyannis, Long Island/Islip, Manchester (NH), Presque Isle, Rockland, Syracuse,
White Plains)
o US Airways Express operated by Piedmont Airlines (Buffalo, Harrisburg)
o US Airways Express operated by PSA Airlines (Charlotte)
o US Airways Express operated by Republic Airlines (Philadelphia, Pittsburgh)
o US Airways Shuttle operated by US Airways (New York-LaGuardia,
Washington-Reagan)
Terminal C
On the night of February 28, 2006, the Terminal D gates (the three gates at the
north end of the terminal) were renumbered and labeled as part of Terminal C.
Terminal E will be renamed Terminal D in 2008.
* AirTran Airways (Akron/Canton, Atlanta, Baltimore/Washington, Chicago-Midway
[seasonal], Fort Myers, Milwaukee [seasonal; begins May 21], Newport
News/Williamsburg, Orlando, Sarasota/Bradenton [seasonal], Tampa, West Palm
Beach [seasonal])
* Cape Air (Hyannis, Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, Plattsburgh, Provincetown,
Rutland, Saranac Lake)
* JetBlue Airways (Aruba, Austin, Bermuda [seasonal], Buffalo, Cancún,
Charlotte, Chicago-O'Hare [begins May 1], Denver, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers,
Jacksonville (FL) [begins March 15], Las Vegas, Long Beach, Los Angeles [begins
May 21], Nassau, New Orleans [begins May 1], New York-JFK, Oakland, Orlando,
Pittsburgh, Raleigh/Durham, Richmond, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose (CA),
San Juan (PR) [seasonal], Seattle/Tacoma, Tampa, Washington-Dulles, West Palm
Beach)
* Midwest Airlines (Kansas City, Milwaukee)
* United Airlines (Chicago-O'Hare, Denver, Los Angeles, San Francisco,
Washington-Dulles)
o United Express operated by Mesa Airlines (Washington-Dulles)
Terminal E (International Terminal)
Baggage loading of a Lufthansa Boeing 747 during a temporary closure due to
heavy snow falls
Baggage loading of a Lufthansa Boeing 747 during a temporary closure due to
heavy snow falls
Terminal E handles all international arrivals as well as the following airlines:
* Aer Lingus (Dublin, Shannon)
* Air France (Paris-Charles de Gaulle)
* Alitalia (Milan-Malpensa [ends March 29], Rome-Fiumicino [begins March 30])
* British Airways (London-Heathrow)
* Finnair (Helsinki) [seasonal]
* Iberia Airlines (Madrid)
* Icelandair (Reykjavik)
* Lufthansa (Frankfurt, Munich [seasonal])
* Northwest Airlines (Amsterdam, Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul)
o Northwest Airlink operated by Compass Airlines (Memphis, Minneapolis/St. Paul)
o Northwest Airlink operated by Pinnacle Airlines (Indianapolis)
* SATA International (Lisbon, Porto [seasonal], Terceira [seasonal], Ponta
Delgada) [scheduled charter]
* Swiss International Air Lines (Zürich)
* TACV (Praia)
* Virgin Atlantic (London-Heathrow)
Airline lounges
Since many major domestic and international airlines have a large presence at
Logan, there are several airline lounges.
* Aer Lingus operates a Gold Circle Lounge in Terminal E.
* Air France operates a Salon Lounge in Terminal E.
* American Airlines operates an Admirals Club in Terminal B.
* British Airways operates a First Lounge and a Terraces Lounge in Terminal E.
* Delta Air Lines operates Crown Room Club in Terminal A and the Satellite
Terminal.
* Lufthansa operates a Senator Lounge and a Business Lounge in Terminal E.
* Northwest Airlines operates a WorldClub in Terminal E.
* United Airlines operates a Red Carpet Club in Terminal C.
* US Airways operates a US Airways Club in Terminal B.
* Virgin Atlantic is constructing a Clubhouse Lounge in Terminal E.
Cargo
Logan Airport has two cargo facilities (North Cargo adjacent to Terminal E and
South Cargo adjacent to Terminals A and B). The airport is served by the several
cargo carriers:
* Air Atlanta Icelandic Cargo
* DHL
* FedEx Express
* Kitty Hawk Aircargo
* Trade Winds Cargo
* UPS
Ground transportation
The MBTA's Silver Line SL1 bus rapid transit service connects South Station, a
major MBTA Commuter Rail, Amtrak, Red Line subway and bus transportation hub in
the downtown Boston financial district, with all Logan terminals. There is also
an Airport stop on the MBTA's Blue Line subway service. The Blue Line stop is
not in the airport terminal itself; free shuttles bring passengers from the
train station to the terminal buildings. Massport's Logan Express bus service
also serves the areas of Braintree, Framingham, Peabody, and the Anderson
Regional Transportation Center in Woburn.
Livery pickup is also very common at the airport. Livery drivers are not allowed
to leave their vehicles at the designated pickup areas and pickup locations vary
depending on the terminal. For Terminal A, the pickup location is on the arrival
level, outside baggage claim, in a small parking lot across the road. For
Terminal B (both north and south sides), pickup is at the curbside on the
departure level. At Terminal C, pickup is also on the departure level at the
second and third islands. At Terminal E, pickup is on the arrival level in a
small parking lot across the road.
The MBTA operates a water shuttle connecting Logan with downtown Boston, Quincy,
and Hull. A free shuttle ferries passengers from the dock to the terminal.
By road, the airport is at the eastern terminus of the Massachusetts Turnpike
(Interstate 90), which provides easy access from the west via the Ted Williams
Tunnel. From the south, travellers on Interstate 93 can connect to the Masspike
east, through the Ted Williams Tunnel and take exit 26 to reach the airport.
From the north, I-93 traffic to the airport uses the Callahan Tunnel, Route 1A
North. From the North Shore, access is via Route 1A South. Additionally, road
traffic from most of downtown Boston, Back Bay and Fenway/Boston University
should use the Callahan Tunnel. The westbound twin tunnel to the Callahan Tunnel
is known as the Sumner Tunnel. Eastbound travel through the tunnels is free, but
there is a $3 toll for westbound travel.
On July 10, 2006, the connector tunnel leading from the Massachusetts Turnpike
to the Ted Williams Tunnel was closed due to a ceiling collapse that killed a
woman. This complicated airport access from the south and west. This connector
tunnel was part of the Big Dig project which extended the Massachusetts Turnpike
to the airport via the Ted Williams Tunnel. Access from I-90 Eastbound was
restored in August 2006, and access to I-90 Westbound was restored on December
23, 2006. I-90 access was completely restored the weekend of January 14, 2007.
Notable incidents
On July 31, 1973, Delta Air Lines Flight 723, operated on a DC-9 airplane,
crashed into a seawall at Logan Airport, causing the deaths of all 83 passengers
and 6 crew members on board. One of the passengers initially survived the
accident but died in hospital.
Logan Airport was the site of the crash of a World Airways DC-10 on January 23,
1982. The aircraft overran the runway and hit the ocean, breaking in two near
the cockpit. Two people were killed.
In 2001, two of the aircraft involved in the 9/11 terrorist attacks, American
Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, departed from Logan Airport.
Both aircraft were flown into the World Trade Center's Twin Towers of New York,
destroying the buildings. United and American Airlines have mounted American
flags on the gates from which the flights departed that day.
In 2005, two jet airliners nearly collided when they attempted to take off at
the same time from intersecting runways.
Further information: 2005 Logan Airport runway incursion
On June 20, 2007, an Embraer ERJ 145, operated by American Eagle Airlines
arriving from Toronto Pearson International Airport reported that after an
initial landing attempt, one of the planes main landing gear was sitting at a 45
degree angle. After a low altitude fly-by and consultation with other pilots
flying the same type of aircraft, the pilot managed to land safely on Runway
33L.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
